Three-Dimensional Lattice Batteries via Additive Manufacturing

A method of preparing an electrochemical cell, the method comprising:

• positioning a liquid electrolyte and a polymeric permeable membrane between an anode and a cathode,
• wherein the anode comprises:
• a three-dimensional open cell lattice comprising a plurality of unit cells defined by a plurality of porous, interconnected, conductive metal, ceramic, or carbonaceous trusses formed by a layer-by-layer deposition technique having a diameter ranging from 20 μm to 50 μm, periodically-spaced with periodicity ranging from 2 μm to 500 μm per unit cell in an X-dimension, a Y-dimension, and/or a Z-dimension,
• wherein the anode comprises a thickness from about 250 μm to about 450 μm,
• wherein the cathode comprises lithium oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium titanium oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium iron phosphate fluoride, lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide, lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide, silicon, lithium ferrophosphate, sulfur, a lithium foil, or combinations thereof,
• wherein the polymeric permeable separator comprises polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, or combinations thereof, and
• wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or a combination thereof and further comprises LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, lithium triflate, or combinations thereof.