Printable and extrudable energy absorption materials formulation and method for forming the same

A printable and extrudable energy absorption materials formulation comprising:

• (a) A base composition, containing a polymer matrix, a curing agent, and a sacrificial agent;
• (b) A dilatancy-promoting composition, containing a dilatant material;
• and
• (c) A shear-thinning promoting composition, containing hydroxyl functionalized fillers, the hydroxyl functionalized fillers are present in an amount sufficient to cause enough formation of dynamic hydrogen bonds between polymer chains and the fillers;
• wherein the formulation is a thixotropic ink, exhibiting shear thinning property during the printing/extruding process, and a printed film/extruded fiber is formed thereof;
• due to the extensive hydroxyl functional groups on the fillers, dynamic hydrogen bonds between polymer chains and the fillers are formed, the weak hydrogen bonds can be easily broken by shear force, resulting in the decrease in viscosity of the ink;
• wherein the thixotropic ink is configured to solidify to form cured film/fiber after curing process, the cured film/fiber exhibit dilatancy property;
• upon curing process, the excessive hydroxyl groups on the fillers can be reduced by reacting with the sacrificial agent through condensation reaction or ring-opening reaction.