# US 2025/0167775 A1 · Threshold generation circuit, corresponding system and method

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 2025/0167775 A1
- Document ID: US20250167775A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 18/921,440
- Filed: 2024-10-21
- Published: 2025-05-22
- Earliest claimed: 2023-11-22
- Assignees: STMicroelectronics International N.V.
- Applicants: STMicroelectronics International N.V.
- Inventors: Francesco Ciappa; Alberto Bianco; Riccardo Peloso
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250167775A1

## CPC

- H02M 1/0035: {using burst mode control}
- H03K 5/02: by amplifying (H03K5/04 takes precedence)
- H02M 1/0025: {Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter}
- H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop}
- H03K 4/06: having triangular shape
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M)

## Abstract

The disclosure pertains to adaptive wake-up threshold generation in variable power supplies, particularly applicable to USB-PD chargers and wireless charging devices with digital controllers. It addresses the problem of power consumption during zero-load conditions in burst mode operation. The invention comprises a circuit with a processor, a GPIO pin, and a wake-up threshold generator. The processor drives a signal generator in burst mode, alternating between wake-up phases and waiting intervals. The GPIO pin is set to different states based on the wake-up threshold's relation to predefined bounds. The wake-up threshold generator adjusts the threshold in response to the GPIO pin's state. This adaptive approach enables efficient power management by allowing deep sleep during waiting times while maintaining responsiveness to varying output voltages, thus improving overall system efficiency in variable power supply applications.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A circuit for generating an adaptive wake-up threshold, the circuit comprising:
a processor;
a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pin; and
a wake-up threshold generator,
wherein the processor is configured to:
drive a signal generator in a burst mode of operation, the burst mode comprising alternating wake-up phases and waiting time intervals, wherein the signal generator is switched on to cause a pulsed output signal at an output node of the signal generator to rise during a wake-up phase, wherein the signal generator is switched off and the pulsed output signal decreases over time during a waiting time interval following the wake-up phase, and wherein a subsequent wake-up phase is initiated when the pulsed output signal decreases to a wake-up threshold during the waiting time interval,
set the GPIO pin to a high-impedance state during the waiting time intervals,
read a value of the GPIO pin during the waiting time intervals,
set the GPIO pin to a first value in response to the wake-up threshold being found to be higher than an upper bound, and
set the GPIO pin to a second value in response to the wake-up threshold being found to be lower than a lower bound,
wherein the wake-up threshold generator is coupled to the GPIO pin and configured to:
decrease the wake-up threshold in response to the GPIO pin being set to the first value, and
increase the wake-up threshold in response to the GPIO pin being set to the second value.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the wake-up threshold generator comprises a comparator configured to increase or decrease the wake-up threshold based on a comparison of a representation of the value of the GPIO pin and the output signal from the signal generator.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The circuit of claim 2, comprising a low-pass filter coupled between the GPIO pin and the comparator, wherein the representation of the value of the GPIO pin is a low-pass filtered replica of the value of the GPIO pin.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the wake-up threshold generator comprises a comparator configured to increase or decrease the wake-up threshold based on a comparison of an offset replica of the output signal from the signal generator and a comparator threshold.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The circuit of claim 4, comprising an offset capacitor coupled between the GPIO pin and a node, the node configured to have applied thereto the output signal from the signal generator, wherein the charge across the offset capacitor provides the offset replica of the output signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first value corresponds to a logical low state of the GPIO pin, and wherein the second value corresponds to a logical high state of the GPIO pin.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The circuit of claim 6, wherein setting the GPIO pin to the first value causes the wake-up threshold generator to decrease the wake-up threshold, and wherein setting the GPIO pin to the second value causes the wake-up threshold generator to increase the wake-up threshold.

### Claim 8

A system for generating an adaptive wake-up threshold, the system comprising:
a signal generator;
a processor;
a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pin; and
a wake-up threshold generator,
wherein the processor is configured to:
drive the signal generator in a burst mode of operation, the burst mode comprising alternating wake-up phases and waiting time intervals, wherein the signal generator is switched on to cause a pulsed output signal at an output node of the signal generator to rise during a wake-up phase, wherein the signal generator is switched off and the pulsed output signal decreases over time during a waiting time interval following the wake-up phase, and wherein a subsequent wake-up phase is initiated when the pulsed output signal decreases to a wake-up threshold during the waiting time interval,
set the GPIO pin to a high-impedance state during the waiting time intervals,
read a value of the GPIO pin during the waiting time intervals,
set the GPIO pin to a first value in response to the wake-up threshold being found to be higher than an upper bound, and
set the GPIO pin to a second value in response to the wake-up threshold being found to be lower than a lower bound,
wherein the wake-up threshold generator is coupled to the GPIO pin and configured to:
decrease the wake-up threshold in response to the GPIO pin being set to the first value, and
increase the wake-up threshold in response to the GPIO pin being set to the second value.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the wake-up threshold generator comprises a comparator configured to increase or decrease the wake-up threshold based on a comparison of a representation of the value of the GPIO pin and the pulsed output signal from the signal generator.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, comprising a low-pass filter coupled between the GPIO pin and the comparator, wherein the representation of the value of the GPIO pin is a low-pass filtered replica of the value of the GPIO pin.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the wake-up threshold generator comprises a comparator configured to increase or decrease the wake-up threshold based on a comparison of an offset replica of the pulsed output signal from the signal generator and a comparator threshold.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, comprising an offset capacitor coupled between the GPIO pin and a node, the node configured to have applied thereto the pulsed output signal from the signal generator, wherein the charge across the offset capacitor provides the offset replica of the pulsed output signal.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the first value corresponds to a logical low state of the GPIO pin, and wherein the second value corresponds to a logical high state of the GPIO pin.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein setting the GPIO pin to the first value causes the wake-up threshold generator to decrease the wake-up threshold, and wherein setting the GPIO pin to the second value causes the wake-up threshold generator to increase the wake-up threshold.

### Claim 15

A method for generating an adaptive wake-up threshold, the method comprising:
driving a signal generator in a burst mode of operation, the burst mode comprising alternating wake-up phases and waiting time intervals, wherein during a wake-up phase, the signal generator is switched on to cause a pulsed output signal to rise, during a waiting time interval following the wake-up phase, the signal generator is switched off and the pulsed output signal decreases over time, and a subsequent wake-up phase is initiated when the pulsed output signal decreases to a wake-up threshold during the waiting time interval;
setting a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pin to a high-impedance state during the waiting time intervals;
reading a value of the GPIO pin during the waiting time intervals;
setting the GPIO pin to a first value in response to the wake-up threshold being found to be higher than an upper bound;
setting the GPIO pin to a second value in response to the wake-up threshold being found to be lower than a lower bound;
decreasing the wake-up threshold in response to the GPIO pin being set to the first value; and
increasing the wake-up threshold in response to the GPIO pin being set to the second value.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, further comprising comparing a representation of the value of the GPIO pin and the pulsed output signal to determine whether to increase or decrease the wake-up threshold.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, further comprising low-pass filtering the value of the GPIO pin to generate the representation of the value of the GPIO pin.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, further comprising comparing an offset replica of the pulsed output signal and a comparator threshold to determine whether to increase or decrease the wake-up threshold.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising generating the offset replica of the pulsed output signal using an offset capacitor coupled between the GPIO pin and a node, the node having applied thereto the pulsed output signal.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein the first value corresponds to a logical low state of the GPIO pin, the second value corresponds to a logical high state of the GPIO pin, setting the GPIO pin to the first value causes the wake-up threshold to decrease, and setting the GPIO pin to the second value causes the wake-up threshold to increase.