Cyber-physical watermarking with inkjet edible bioprinting

Abstract

A method of ascertaining identity, verification, or authentication of a product is disclosed which includes embedding a predetermined watermark on a host image, thereby generating an edible watermarked image, printing the watermarked image using edible ink on an attack-resistant edible substrate, affixing the printed substrate onto the product, providing a color reference chart along with the watermarked image, obtaining an image of the watermarked image from the product, establishing correspondence between the watermarked image and the color reference chart, correcting the obtained image based on the established correspondence, extracting the embedded predetermined watermark from the corrected watermarked image, and determining identity, verification, and authentication of the product by analyzing the extracted predetermined watermark of the watermarked image.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.