# US 2025/0165337 A1 · Configuration setting for wide area system protection > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2025/0165337 A1 - Document ID: US20250165337A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/953,236 - Filed: 2024-11-20 - Published: 2025-05-22 - Earliest claimed: 2023-11-20 - Applicants: Quanta Technology, LLC - Inventors: Eric Avram Udren - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250165337A1 ## CPC - G06F 11/0721: {within a central processing unit [CPU]} - H02H 7/263: {involving transmissions of measured values (comparison of currents or voltages using pilot wires H02H3/30)} - G06F 16/2282: {Tablespace storage structures; Management thereof} - H02H 3/28: involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus {(for transformers H02H7/045)} - Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation - Y04S 10/00: Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution - Y04S 10/22: Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H02H: EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS ## Abstract Protection control equipment of an electrical power system receives synchrophasor measurements. The synchrophasor measurements comprise time-synchronized measurements of current or voltage at respective nodes in the electrical power system. The protection control equipment, based on the synchrophasor measurements, calculates a measurement differential of each of one or more protection zones defined according to a tabular data structure that indicates which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected and/or which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zone. The protection control equipment, for each of the one or more protection zones, controls protection of the protection zone against faults, based on the measurement differential calculated for that protection zone. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method performed by protection control equipment of an electrical power system, the method comprising: receiving synchrophasor measurements that comprise time-synchronized measurements of current or voltage at respective nodes in the electrical power system; based on the synchrophasor measurements, calculating a measurement differential of each of one or more protection zones defined according to a tabular data structure that indicates which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected and/or which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zone; and for each of the one or more protection zones, controlling protection of the protection zone against faults, based on the measurement differential calculated for that protection zone. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the tabular data structure indicates which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein, for at least a portion of the tabular data structure, a value in the tabular data structure that is in a row of values for a first node and that is in a column of values for a second node indicates whether or not the first node is inter-connected with the second node. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein, for each of the one or more protection zones, calculating a measurement differential of the protection zone comprises calculating the measurement differential as a sum of synchrophasor measurements for nodes that, according to the tabular data structure, are inter-connected and/or bound and/or belong to the protection zone. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising processing the tabular data structure to determine, from the tabular data structure, which nodes in the electrical power system bound and/or belong to which protection zone. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said controlling comprises detecting occurrence or absence of a fault in a protection zone based on whether or not the measurement differential calculated for the protection zone exceeds a threshold. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the tabular data structure further indicates, for each of the one or more protection zones, one or more fault interrupting nodes that are: to be tripped upon occurrence of a fault in the protection zone; and/or within, or at a boundary of, the protection zone. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein said controlling comprises, based on detecting a fault in a protection zone, triggering the tripping of the one or more fault interrupting nodes indicated by the tabular data structure for the protection zone. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein said triggering is performed also based on the detected fault remaining uncleared after a maximum duration of time allowable for a primary fault clearance node to clear the fault. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the tabular data structure indicates which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zone. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein, for at least a portion of the tabular data structure, the tabular data structure includes rows for protection zones and columns for nodes, wherein a value that is in a row of values for a protection zone and that is in a column of values for a node indicates whether or not the node bounds and/or belongs to the protection zone. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said receiving, calculating, and controlling is performed for each of multiple power cycles. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising configuring the tabular data structure based on input received from a user of the protection control equipment indicating which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected and/or which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zones. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the synchrophasor measurements are current synchrophasor measurements that comprise time-synchronized measurements of current at respective nodes in the electrical power system. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the tabular data structure includes a table or matrix. ### Claim 16 A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which is stored instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of protection control equipment of an electrical power system, cause the protection control equipment to: receive synchrophasor measurements that comprise time-synchronized measurements of current or voltage at respective nodes in the electrical power system; based on the synchrophasor measurements, calculate a measurement differential of each of one or more protection zones defined according to a tabular data structure that indicates which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected and/or which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zone; and for each of the one or more protection zones, control protection of the protection zone against faults, based on the measurement differential calculated for that protection zone. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the tabular data structure indicates which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein, for at least a portion of the tabular data structure, a value in the tabular data structure that is in a row of values for a first node and that is in a column of values for a second node indicates whether or not the first node is inter-connected with the second node. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions cause the protection control equipment to, for each of the one or more protection zones, calculate a measurement differential of the protection zone comprises calculating the measurement differential as a sum of synchrophasor measurements for nodes that, according to the tabular data structure, are inter-connected and/or bound and/or belong to the protection zone. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the protection control equipment to process the tabular data structure to determine, from the tabular data structure, which nodes in the electrical power system bound and/or belong to which protection zone. ### Claim 21 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions cause the protection control equipment to control protection of a protection zone by detecting occurrence or absence of a fault in a protection zone based on whether or not the measurement differential calculated for the protection zone exceeds a threshold. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the tabular data structure further indicates, for each of the one or more protection zones, one or more fault interrupting nodes that are: to be tripped upon occurrence of a fault in the protection zone; and/or within, or at a boundary of, the protection zone. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the instructions cause the protection control equipment to control protection of a protection zone by, based on detecting a fault in a protection zone, triggering the tripping of one or more fault interrupting nodes that are indicated by the tabular data structure for the protection zone. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the instructions cause the protection control equipment to trigger the tripping of the one or more fault interrupting nodes also based on the detected fault remaining uncleared after a maximum duration of time allowable for a primary fault clearance node to clear the fault. ### Claim 25 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the tabular data structure indicates which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zone. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein, for at least a portion of the tabular data structure, the tabular data structure includes rows for protection zones and columns for nodes, wherein a value that is in a row of values for a protection zone and that is in a column of values for a node indicates whether or not the node bounds and/or belongs to the protection zone. ### Claim 27 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions cause the protection control equipment to perform said receiving, calculating, and controlling for each of multiple power cycles. ### Claim 28 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the protection control equipment to configure the tabular data structure based on input received from a user of the protection control equipment indicating which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected and/or which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zones. ### Claim 29 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the synchrophasor measurements are current synchrophasor measurements that comprise time-synchronized measurements of current at respective nodes in the electrical power system. ### Claim 30 (depends on 16) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the tabular data structure is a table or matrix. ### Claim 31 Protection control equipment of an electrical power system, the protection control equipment comprising: processing circuitry configured to: receive synchrophasor measurements that comprise time-synchronized measurements of current or voltage at respective nodes in the electrical power system; based on the synchrophasor measurements, calculate a measurement differential of each of one or more protection zones defined according to a tabular data structure that indicates which nodes in the electrical power system are inter-connected and/or which nodes bound and/or belong to which protection zone; and for each of the one or more protection zones, control protection of the protection zone against faults, based on the measurement differential calculated for that protection zone.