# US 2025/0158764 A1 · Apparatus and methods for millimeter wave coordinated monostatic sensing

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- Number: US 2025/0158764 A1
- Document ID: US20250158764A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 18/593,234
- Filed: 2024-03-01
- Published: 2025-05-15
- Earliest claimed: 2023-11-09
- Assignees: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Yan XIN; Kwok Shum AU; Jung Hoon SUH; Osama ABOUL-MAGD
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250158764A1

## CPC

- H04L 5/0048: {Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver (allocation of control signalling H04L5/0053; use of control signalling H04L5/0091)}
- G01S 13/08: Systems for measuring distance only (indirect measurement G01S13/46)
- H04L 5/0055: {Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK (for physical mapping arrangements in ARQ protocols H04L1/1861)}
- H04W 74/0808: using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- G01S 13/003: {Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems}
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

Methods and apparatus for coordinated monostatic sensing are provided, for example in associated with IEEE 802.11 EDMG stations which simultaneously transmit monostatic sensing PPDUs. DMG sensing request frames from a sensing initiator coordinate the sensing responders, and each frame includes a STA ID field, a Num of STAs in Exchange field and a BW field which are used to direct timing and channelization of the sensing PPDUs. In some embodiments, IEEE 802.11 service periods are allocated for transmission operations such as simultaneous monostatic sensing PPDUs on different channels, and related operations such as sensing request frames, sensing response frames, polls, reports, acknowledgments, etc. In some embodiments, IEEE 802.11 contention based access periods are used for the monostatic sensing. Responders determine whether or not they are recipient of a last sensing request frame and operate accordingly to transmit their monostatic sensing PPDU. Determination can be based on the STA ID field.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus in an IEEE 802.11 EDMG station (STA), the apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured as a sensing responder in a coordinated monostatic sensing operation to:
receive a DMG sensing request frame for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the DMG sensing request frame comprising a STA ID field, a Num of STAs in Exchange field and a BW field; and
transmit a monostatic sensing PPDU beginning at a transmit time based at least in part on content of the DMG sensing request frame, using a channel determined based on content of the BW field, the monostatic sensing PPDU transmitted concurrently or overlapping in time with one or more other monostatic sensing PPDUs transmitted by one or more other sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, each of the monostatic sensing PPDU and the other monostatic sensing PPDUs being transmitted on a different respective channel.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Num of STAs in Exchange field indicates a number of sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the apparatus further configured in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation to:
monitor a primary channel to determine a count of one or both of: a plurality of DMG sensing request frames; and a plurality of DMG sensing response frames, the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted on the primary channel for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation and including said DMG sensing request frame, the plurality of DMG sensing response frames transmitted on the primary channel in response to the DMG sensing request frames, the plurality of DMG sensing response frames transmitted on the primary channel in response to the plurality of DMG sensing request frames;
determine the transmit time based at least in part on the count reaching a value contained in the Num of STAs in Exchange field; and
transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU beginning at the transmit time.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2, further configured to:
when a value of the STA ID field is less than the value in the Num of STAs in Exchange field, perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) during a time interval of one priority interframe space (PIFS) immediately preceding the transmit time for a channel other than the primary channel, and if CCA indicates the channel is clear, transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU on the channel; and
when the value of the STA ID field equals the value in the Num of STAs in Exchange field, transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU at or before a time interval of one short interframe space (SIFS) following an end of transmitting the DMG sensing response frame, the monostatic sensing PPDU being transmitted on the primary channel without performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) for the primary channel.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, in the DMG sensing request frame, when the value of the STA ID field equals the value in the Num of STAs in Exchange field, the BW field indicates to transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU on the primary channel.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DMG sensing request frame is received over a primary channel, and wherein, when the DMG sensing request frame is a last one of a plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted sequentially to a plurality of respective sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the apparatus is configured to transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU on the primary channel.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing responder is one of a plurality of sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, and wherein the value in the STA ID field is unique to the sensing responder among the number of sensing responders.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further configured to store and subsequently utilize a value in the STA ID field for one or both of: an identifier of the sensing responder; and for configuring operations of the coordinated monostatic sensing operation.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the BW field comprises a plurality of bits each corresponding to a different respective channel, and wherein using the channel determined based on content of the BW field comprises using one of the different respective channels which corresponds to one of the plurality bits which is set to one.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IEEE 802.11 TDD beamforming frame is used as the DMG sensing request frame, when a TDD beamforming frame type subfield set to 3, the STA ID field and the BW field being parts of a TDD beamforming information field for the IEEE 802.11 TDD beamforming frame.

### Claim 10

An apparatus in an IEEE 802.11 EDMG station (STA), the apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured as a sensing initiator in a coordinated monostatic sensing operation to:
sequentially transmit a plurality of DMG sensing request frames for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, each one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted to a different respective one of a plurality of sensing responders and comprising a STA ID field and a BW field, the BW field indicative of a channel to be used by said one of a plurality of sensing responders for transmitting a respective sensing PPDU,
wherein each different one of the DMG sensing request frames holds a different respective STA ID field value which indicates an order of transmission of said one of the DMG sensing request frames, and
wherein each different one of the DMG sensing request frames holds a different respective BW field value.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the BW field consists of a plurality of bits each corresponding to a different respective channel, each one of the plurality of bits indicative of whether or not the corresponding different respective channel is to be used by said one of the plurality of sensing responders.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the BW field consists of a plurality of bits each corresponding to a different respective channel, and wherein at least one of the plurality of bits is set to ‘one’ while remaining ones of the plurality of bits are set to ‘zero,’ the at least one of the plurality of bits which are set to ‘one’ indicating said one of the different respective channels to be used by said one of the plurality of sensing responders for transmitting respective monostatic sensing PPDUs.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, for each of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames, the BW field consists of a plurality of bits which are all set to ‘zero,’ indicating that all of the plurality of sensing responders are to transmit respective monostatic sensing PPDUs using a same predetermined one of the respective channels.

### Claim 14

An apparatus in an IEEE 802.11 EDMG station (STA), the apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured as a sensing responder in a coordinated monostatic sensing operation to:
during a transmission opportunity (TXOP) of an IEEE 802.11 contention based access period (CBAP), receive a DMG sensing request frame for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the DMG sensing request frame comprising a STA ID field and a BW field; and
transmit a monostatic sensing PPDU beginning at a transmit time based at least in least in part on content of the DMG sensing part on content of the DMG sensing request frame, using a channel determined based at request frame, the monostatic sensing PPDU being one of a plurality of monostatic sensing PPDUs which are transmitted concurrently or overlapping in time with one another by each of a respective plurality of sensing responders, including the sensing responder, in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, each of the plurality of monostatic sensing PPDUs being transmitted on a different respective channel.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of sensing responders receives a respective one of a plurality of DMG sensing request frames during the TXOP, the plurality of DMG sensing request frames being transmitted sequentially on a primary channel, the apparatus further configured to:
determine, based at least in part on a value of the STA ID field and according to a predetermined rule, the transmit time and whether the DMG sensing request frame is a last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP; and
when the DMG sensing request frame is the last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP, transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU on the primary channel without performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) for the primary channel.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the DMG sensing request frame is received from a sensing initiator, the apparatus further configured to:
transmit a response frame to the sensing initiator in response to the DMG sensing request frame; and
transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU at or before a time interval of one short interframe space (SIFS) following an end of transmitting the response frame.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of sensing responders receives a respective one of a plurality of DMG sensing request frames during the TXOP, the plurality of DMG sensing request frames being transmitted sequentially on a primary channel, the apparatus further configured to:
determine, based at least in part on the STA ID field and according to a predetermined rule, whether or not the DMG sensing request frame is a last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP; and
when the DMG sensing request frame is not the last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP, perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) during a time interval of one priority interframe space (PIFS) immediately preceding the transmit time for a channel other than the primary channel, and if CCA indicates the channel is clear, transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU on the channel.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the channel other than the primary channel is determined based on content of a BW field of the DMG sensing request frame.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the DMG sensing request frame further comprises a Num of STAs in Exchange field indicating a number of sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the apparatus further configured in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation to:
monitor a primary channel to determine a count of a plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted on the primary channel for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, including the DMG sensing request frame; and
perform the CCA and transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU in response to the count reaching a value contained in the Num of STAs in Exchange field.

### Claim 20 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, wherein determining whether the DMG sensing request frame is a last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP comprises determining whether the value of the STA ID is equal to a value of a Num of STAs in Exchange field of the DMG sensing request frame.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The apparatus of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames comprises a STA ID field value which indicates an ordering of transmission of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames.

### Claim 22 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the CBAP is allocated according to an extended schedule element and pertains to all channels on which the monostatic sensing PPDU and the other monostatic sensing PPDUs are transmitted.

### Claim 23 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the DMG sensing request frame further comprises a Num of STAs in Exchange field indicating a number of sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the apparatus further configured in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation to transmit the monostatic sensing PPDU following a number, of DMG sensing request frames transmitted on the primary channel for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, reaching a value contained in the Num of STAs in Exchange field.

### Claim 24

A method, by an apparatus in an IEEE 802.11 EDMG station (STA), the apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured as a sensing responder in a coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the method comprising:
receiving a DMG sensing request frame for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the DMG sensing request frame comprising a STA ID field, a Num of STAs in Exchange field and a BW field; and
transmitting a monostatic sensing PPDU beginning at a transmit time based at least in part on content of the DMG sensing request frame, using a channel determined based on content of the BW field, the monostatic sensing PPDU transmitted concurrently or overlapping in time with one or more other monostatic sensing PPDUs transmitted by one or more other sensing responders in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, each of the monostatic sensing PPDU and the other monostatic sensing PPDUs being transmitted on a different respective channel.

### Claim 25

A method, by an apparatus in an IEEE 802.11 EDMG station (STA), the apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured as a sensing initiator in a coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the method comprising:
sequentially transmitting a plurality of DMG sensing request frames for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, each one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted to a different respective one of a plurality of sensing responders and comprising a STA ID field and a BW field, the BW field indicative of a channel to be used by said one of a plurality of sensing responders for transmitting a respective sensing PPDU,
wherein each different one of the DMG sensing request frames holds a different respective STA ID field value which indicates an order of transmission of said one of the DMG sensing request frames, and
wherein each different one of the DMG sensing request frames holds a different respective BW field value.

### Claim 26

A method, by an apparatus in an IEEE 802.11 EDMG station (STA), the apparatus comprising processing electronics and configured as a sensing responder in a coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the method comprising:
during a transmission opportunity (TXOP) of an IEEE 802.11 contention based access period (CBAP), receiving a DMG sensing request frame for the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, the DMG sensing request frame comprising a STA ID field; and
transmitting a monostatic sensing PPDU beginning at a transmit time based at least in part on content of the DMG sensing request frame, using a channel determined based at least in part on content of the DMG sensing request frame, the monostatic sensing PPDU being one of a plurality of monostatic sensing PPDUs which are transmitted concurrently or overlapping in time with one another by each of a respective plurality of sensing responders, including the sensing responder, in the coordinated monostatic sensing operation, each of the plurality of monostatic sensing PPDUs being transmitted on a different respective channel.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of sensing responders receives a respective one of a plurality of DMG sensing request frames during the TXOP, the plurality of DMG sensing request frames being transmitted sequentially on a primary channel, the method further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on a value of the STA ID field and according to a predetermined rule, the transmit time and whether the DMG sensing request frame is a last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP; and
when the DMG sensing request frame is the last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP, transmitting the monostatic sensing PPDU on the primary channel without performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) for the primary channel.

### Claim 28 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of sensing responders receives a respective one of a plurality of DMG sensing request frames during the TXOP, the plurality of DMG sensing request frames being transmitted sequentially on a primary channel, the method further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the STA ID field and according to a predetermined rule, whether or not the DMG sensing request frame is a last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP; and
when the DMG sensing request frame is not the last one of the plurality of DMG sensing request frames transmitted during the TXOP, performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) during a time interval of one priority interframe space (PIFS) immediately preceding the transmit time for a channel other than the primary channel, and if CCA indicates the channel is clear, transmitting the monostatic sensing PPDU on the channel.