Hcg tunable vcsel with optical confinement via step index and regrowth

Abstract

A VCSEL laser has one or more active regions with quantum wells and barriers. The active regions are surrounded by one or more p-n junctions. The one or more active regions can include a selected shape structure, as well as one or more tunnel junctions (TJ). One or more apertures are provided with the selected shape structure. One or more buried tunnel junctions (BTJ) or oxide confine apertures, additional TJ's, planar structures and or additional BTJ's created during a regrowth process that is independent of a first growth process are provided. A VCSEL output is determined in response to a monitoring application of the VCSEL. The VCSEL has an HCG grating and a bottom DBR. A mesa is located within either at a lower mirror layers or an upper mirror layers. The mesa has a lateral dimension that is less than a lateral dimension of the one or more lower mirror layers or the one or more upper mirror layers, respectively. The mesa is configured such that a first vertical cavity, which includes the mesa, has a cavity resonance that is different from a cavity resonance for a second vertical cavity that does not include the mesa and which is adjacent the first vertical cavity. The HCG tunable VCSEL has optical confinement created with step index and regrowth.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.