# US 2025/0147151 A1 · Multi-target tracking system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2025/0147151 A1 - Document ID: US20250147151A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/950,495 - Filed: 2024-11-18 - Published: 2025-05-08 - Earliest claimed: 2023-11-17 - Assignees: Leonardo S.P.A. - Applicants: Leonardo S.P.A. - Inventors: Massimiliano PROIETTI; Pasquale FERRARA; Filippo CEROCCHI; Massimo LOFFREDA; Francesco CENCI; Massimiliano DISPENZA - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250147151A1 ## CPC - G01S 7/418: {Theoretical aspects} - G06N 10/60: Quantum algorithms, e.g. based on quantum optimisation, quantum Fourier or Hadamard transforms - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS ## Abstract Multi-target tracking software loadable in and executable by electronic processing resources comprising at least one quantum computer. The multi-target tracking software is designed to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources to become configured to receive unlabelled data indicative of positions of targets, in particular vehicles, to be tracked; the unlabelled data failing to be indicative of the identities of the targets. In addition, the multi-target tracking software is designed to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources to become configured to compute candidate tracks, that may possibly be followed by the targets, based on the received unlabelled data; and to compute an initial quantum state representative of said candidate tracks. The multi-target tracking software is further designed to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources to become configured to compute, by means of a quantum optimization model, a final quantum state representative of final tracks. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Multi-target tracking software (3) loadable in and executable by electronic processing resources (4) comprising at least one quantum computer (4Q); the multi-target tracking software (3) being designed to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured to: receive unlabelled data (2) indicative of positions of targets, in particular vehicles, to be tracked; the unlabelled data (2) failing to be indicative of the identities of the targets; compute candidate tracks (11), that may possibly be followed by the targets, based on the received unlabelled data (2); compute an initial quantum state representative of said candidate tracks (11); compute, by means of a quantum optimization model (14), a final quantum state representative of final tracks (5), that may actually be followed by the targets, based on the initial quantum state; and compute and output a multi-target tracking output based on the final quantum state. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 1, and configured to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured to select the final tracks (5) between the candidate tracks (11) by means of the quantum optimization model (14). ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 1, and configured to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured to: associate each target to a respective final track (5) based on the final quantum state; and output, as multi-target tracking output, the final tracks (5) associated to targets. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 1, and configured to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4), in order to compute the initial quantum state, to become configured to encode each candidate track (11) into one qubit of the initial quantum state. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 4, wherein the quantum optimization model (14), in order to compute the final quantum state to encode the final tracks (5), is configured to modify one or more qubits of the initial quantum state to cause said qubits to be further indicative of the absence of the corresponding candidate track (11) within the final tracks (5). ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 4, wherein the quantum optimization model (14) is configured to compute the final quantum state by performing a Hamiltonian unitary evolution on the initial quantum state. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 1, wherein the electronic processing resources (4) further comprise a classical computer (4C); and wherein the multi-target tracking software (3) is configured to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured, in order to compute the final tracks (5), to alternately execute: a quantum optimization, performed by means of the quantum computer (4Q), based on the quantum optimization model (14) and an input thereof; and a classical optimization, performed by means of the classical computer (4C), based on a classical optimization model (16) and an input thereof. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 7, and configured to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured to alternately execute: an encoding of a data, indicative of the candidate tracks (11), in a quantum state; and a quantum optimization of said encoding based on the quantum optimization model (14); and a decoding of a received quantum state in a data indicative of the candidate tracks (11); and a classical optimization of said decoding based on the classical optimization model (16). ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) Multi-target tracking software (3) according to claim 1, and designed to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured to: compute a weighted graph (13) comprising the candidate tracks (11) being associated with evaluation indices thereof; and compute the initial quantum state based on the computed weighted graph (13). ### Claim 10 Multi-target tracking system (1) comprising: one quantum computer (4Q); and a multi-target tracking software (3) loadable in and executable by electronic processing resources (4) comprising at least the quantum computer (4Q); the multi-target tracking software (3) being designed to cause, when executed, the electronic processing resources (4) to become configured to: receive unlabelled data (2) indicative of positions of targets, in particular vehicles, to be tracked; the unlabelled data (2) failing to be indicative of the identities of the targets; compute candidate tracks (11), that may possibly be followed by the targets, based on the received unlabelled data (2); compute an initial quantum state representative of said candidate tracks (11); compute, by means of a quantum optimization model (14), a final quantum state representative of final tracks (5), that may actually be followed by the targets, based on the initial quantum state; and compute and output a multi-target tracking output based on the final quantum state.