# US 2025/0145690 A1 · Human monoclonal antibodies that broadly target coronaviruses

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- Number: US 2025/0145690 A1
- Document ID: US20250145690A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 18/835,912
- Filed: 2023-02-09
- Published: 2025-05-08
- Earliest claimed: 2022-02-10
- Assignees: The U.S.A., as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services
- Applicants: The U.S.A., as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services
- Inventors: Joshua Hoong Yu Tan; Cherrelle Dacon; Courtney Tucker
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250145690A1

## CPC

- C07K 16/104: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]
- A61P 37/04: Immunostimulants
- A61K 2039/505: {comprising antibodies}
- C07K 2317/24: containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
- C07K 2317/33: Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
- C07K 2317/34: Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
- C07K 2317/76: Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
- C07K: PEPTIDES (peptides in foodstuffs A23; obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs, working-up proteins for foodstuffs A23J; preparations for medicinal purposes A61K; peptides containing beta-lactam rings C07D; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, C07D; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type C07D519/02; macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units in their molecules, i.e. when the preparation does not provide for a specific; but for a random sequence of the amino acid units, homopolyamides and block copolyamides derived from amino acids C08G69/00; macromolecular products derived from proteins C08H1/00; preparation of glue or gelatine C09H; single cell proteins, enzymes C12N; genetic engineering processes for obtaining peptides C12N15/00; compositions for measuring or testing processes involving enzymes C12Q; investigation or analysis of biological material G01N33/00)
- A61P: SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D)

## Abstract

Disclosed are monoclonal antibodies and antigen binding fragments that specifically bind a coronavirus spike protein, such as SARS-CoV-2. Also disclosed is the use of these antibodies for inhibiting a coronavirus infection. In addition, disclosed are methods for detecting a coronavirus in a biological sample, using the disclosed antibodies.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, comprising a heavy chain variable (VH) region and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising a heavy chain complementarity determining region (HCDR)1, a HCDR2, and a HCDR3, and a light chain complementarity determining region (LCDR)1, a LCDR2, and a LCDR3 of the VH and VL set forth as any one of:
a) SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 21, respectively (COV44-79);
b) SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 13, respectively (COV44-62);
c) SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5, respectively (COV89-22);
d) SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 29, respectively (COV30-14);
e) SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 37, respectively (COV72-37);
f) SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 53, respectively (COV91-27);
g) SEQ ID NOs: 41 and 45, respectively (COV93-03);
h) SEQ ID NOs: 57 and 61, respectively (COV49-51);
i) SEQ ID NOs: 65 and 69, respectively (COV44-74);
j) SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 77, respectively (COV44-56);
k) SEQ ID NOs: 81 and 85, respectively (COV44-26);
l) SEQ ID NOs: 89 and 93, respectively (COV44-54);
m) SEQ ID NOs: 97 and 101, respectively (COV23-01);
n) SEQ ID NOs: 105 and 109, respectively (COV49-03);
o) SEQ ID NOs: 113 and 117, respectively (COV49-04);
p) SEQ ID NOs: 121 and 125, respectively (COV49-05);
q) SEQ ID NOs: 129 and 133, respectively (COV49-06);
r) SEQ ID NOs: 137 and 141, respectively (COV49-07);
s) SEQ ID NOs: 145 and 149, respectively (COV49-18);
t) SEQ ID NOs: 153 and 157, respectively (COV49-23);
u) SEQ ID NOs: 161 and 165, respectively (COV49-28);
v) SEQ ID NOs: 169 and 173, respectively (COV49-30);
w) SEQ ID NOs: 177 and 181, respectively (COV49-33);
x) SEQ ID NOs: 185 and 189, respectively (COV49-42);
y) SEQ ID NOs: 193 and 197, respectively (COV49-47);
z) SEQ ID NOs: 201 and 205, respectively (COV49-54);
aa) SEQ ID NOs: 209 and 213, respectively (COV57-01);
bb) SEQ ID NOs: 217 and 221, respectively (COV57-03);
cc) SEQ ID NOs: 225 and 229, respectively (COV57-04);
dd) SEQ ID NOs: 233 and 237, respectively (COV57-05);
ee) SEQ ID NOs: 241 and 245, respectively (COV57-13);
ff) SEQ ID NOs: 249 and 253, respectively (COV57-19);
gg) SEQ ID NOs: 257 and 261, respectively (COV57-34);
hh) SEQ ID NOs: 265 and 269, respectively (COV57-38);
ii) SEQ ID NOs: 273 and 277, respectively (COV57-45);
jj) SEQ ID NOs: 281 and 285, respectively (COV77-02);
kk) SEQ ID NOs: 289 and 293, respectively (COV77-04);
ll) SEQ ID NOs: 297 and 301, respectively (COV77-05);
mm) SEQ ID NOs: 305 and 309, respectively (COV77-09);
nn) SEQ ID NOs: 313 and 317, respectively (COV77-14);
oo) SEQ ID NOs: 321 and 325, respectively (COV77-35);
pp) SEQ ID NOs: 329 and 333, respectively (COV77-39);
qq) SEQ ID NOs: 337 and 341, respectively (COV77-42);
rr) SEQ ID NOs: 345 and 349, respectively (COV77-43);
ss) SEQ ID NOs: 353 and 357, respectively (COV77-46);
tt) SEQ ID NOs: 361 and 365, respectively (COV77-76);
uu) SEQ ID NOs: 369 and 373, respectively (COV93-04);
vv) SEQ ID NOs: 377 and 381, respectively (COV93-08);
ww) SEQ ID NOs: 385 and 389, respectively (COV93-17);
xx) SEQ ID NOs: 393 and 397, respectively (COV93-18);
yy) SEQ ID NOs: 401 and 405, respectively (COV93-23);
zz) SEQ ID NOs: 409 and 413, respectively (COV78-36);
aaa) SEQ ID NOs: 417 and 421, respectively (COV93-38);
bbb) SEQ ID NOs: 425 and 429, respectively (COV93-60);
ccc) SEQ ID NOs: 433 and 437, respectively (COV93-61);
ddd) SEQ ID NOs: 441 and 445, respectively (COV89-03);
eee) SEQ ID NOs: 449 and 453, respectively (COV89-28);
fff) SEQ ID NOs: 457 and 461, respectively (COV30-35);
ggg) SEQ ID NOs: 465 and 469, respectively (COV30-80);
hhh) SEQ ID NOs: 473 and 477, respectively (COV44-25); or
iii) SEQ ID NOs: 481 and 485, respectively (COV44-37);
and wherein the monoclonal antibody specifically binds to a coronavirus spike protein.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the HCDR1, the HCDR2, the HCDR3, the LCDR1, the LCDR2, and the LCDR3 respectively comprise the amino acids sequences set forth as
a) SEQ ID NOs: 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 (AAS), and 24;
b) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 (EVT), and 16;
c) SEQ ID NOs: 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 (DAS), and 8;
d) SEQ ID NOs: 26, 27, 28, 30, 31 (GES), and 32;
e) SEQ ID NOs: 34, 35, 36, 38, 39 (GAS), and 40;
f) SEQ ID NOs: 50, 51, 52, 54, 55 (DAS), and 56;
g) SEQ ID NOs: 42, 43, 44, 46, 47 (GAS), and 48;
h) SEQ ID NOs: 58, 59, 60, 62, 63 (GAS), and 64;
i) SEQ ID NOs: 66, 67, 68, 70, 71 (AAS), and 72;
j) SEQ ID NOs: 74, 75, 76, 78, 79 (LGS), and 80;
k) SEQ ID NOs: 82, 83, 84, 86, 87 (AAS), and 88;
l) SEQ ID NOs: 90, 91, 92, 94, 95 (AAS), and 96;
m) SEQ ID NOs: 98, 99, 100, 102, 103 (DAS), and 104;
n) SEQ ID NOs: 106, 107, 108, 110, 111 (KVS), and 112;
o) SEQ ID NOs: 114, 115, 116, 118, 119 (RVS), and 120;
p) SEQ ID NOs: 122, 123, 124, 126, 127 (QVS), and 128;
q) SEQ ID NOs: 130, 131, 132, 134, 135 (KVS), and 136;
r) SEQ ID NOs: 138, 139, 140, 142, 143 (KVS), and 144;
s) SEQ ID NOs: 146, 147, 148, 150, 151 (KVS), and 152;
t) SEQ ID NOs: 154, 155, 156, 158, 159 (QVS), and 160;
u) SEQ ID NOs: 162, 163, 164, 166, 167 (QVS), and 168;
v) SEQ ID NOs: 170, 171, 172, 174, 175 (KVS), and 176;
w) SEQ ID NOs: 178, 179, 180, 182, 183 (QVS), and 184;
x) SEQ ID NOs: 186, 187, 188, 190, 191 (AAS), and 192;
y) SEQ ID NOs: 194, 195, 196, 198, 199 (QVS), and 200;
z) SEQ ID NOs: 202, 203, 204, 206, 207 (AAS), and 208;
aa) SEQ ID NOs: 210, 211, 212, 214, 215 (TAS), and 216;
bb) SEQ ID NOs: 218, 219, 220, 222, 223 (WAS), and 224;
cc) SEQ ID NOs: 226, 227, 228, 230, 231 (WAS), and 232;
dd) SEQ ID NOs: 234, 235, 236, 238, 239 (DAS), and 240;
ee) SEQ ID NOs: 242, 243, 244, 246, 247 (WAS), and 248;
ff) SEQ ID NOs: 250, 251, 252, 254, 25 (DAS)5, and 256;
gg) SEQ ID NOs: 258, 259, 260, 262, 263 (WAS), and 264;
hh) SEQ ID NOs: 266, 267, 268, 270, 271 (RDN), and 272;
ii) SEQ ID NOs: 274, 275, 276, 278, 279 (WAS), and 280;
jj) SEQ ID NOs: 282, 283, 284, 286, 287 (LGS), and 288;
kk) SEQ ID NOs: 290, 291, 292, 294, 295 (KDS), and 296;
ll) SEQ ID NOs: 298, 299, 300, 302, 303 (GAS), and 304;
mm) SEQ ID NOs: 306, 307, 308, 310, 311 (WAS), and 312;
nn) SEQ ID NOs: 314, 315, 316, 318, 319 (GAS), and 320;
oo) SEQ ID NOs: 322, 323, 324, 326, 327 (GAS), and 328;
pp) SEQ ID NOs: 330, 331, 332, 334, 335 (KDR), and 336;
qq) SEQ ID NOs: 338, 339, 340, 342, 343 (GAS), and 344;
rr) SEQ ID NOs: 346, 347, 348, 350, 351 (LGS), and 352;
ss) SEQ ID NOs: 354, 355, 356, 358, 359 (GAS), and 360;
tt) SEQ ID NOs: 362, 363, 364, 366, 367 (WAS), and 368;
uu) SEQ ID NOs: 370, 371, 372, 374, 375 (WAS), and 376;
vv) SEQ ID NOs: 378, 379, 380, 382, 383 (KAS), and 384;
ww) SEQ ID NOs: 386, 387, 388, 390, 391 (RAS), and 392;
xx) SEQ ID NOs: 394, 395, 396, 398, 399 (WAS) and 400;
yy) SEQ ID NOs: 402, 403, 404, 406, 407 (WAS), and 408;
zz) SEQ ID NOs: 410, 411, 412, 414, 415 (EVS), and 416;
aaa) SEQ ID NOs: 418, 419, 420, 422, 423 (KAS), and 424;
bbb) SEQ ID NOs: 426, 427, 428, 430, 431 (WAS), and 432;
ccc) SEQ ID NOs: 434, 435, 436, 438, 439 (EVT), and 440;
ddd) SEQ ID NOs: 442, 443, 444, 446, 447 (WAS), and 448;
eee) SEQ ID NOs: 450, 451, 452, 454, 455 (ATS), and 456;
fff) SEQ ID NOs: 458, 459, 460, 462, 463 (GAS), and 464;
ggg) SEQ ID NOs: 466, 467, 468, 470, 471 (WAS), and 472;
hhh) SEQ ID NOs: 474, 475, 476, 478, 479 (WAS), and 480; or
iii) SEQ ID NOs: 482, 483, 484, 486, 487 (LGS), and 488.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the VH and the VL respectively comprise amino acid sequences at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequences set forth as
a) SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 21;
b) SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 13;
c) SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5;
d) SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 29;
e) SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 37;
f) SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 53;
g) SEQ ID NOs: 41 and 45;
h) SEQ ID NOs: 57 and 61;
i) SEQ ID NOs: 65 and 69;
j) SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 77;
k) SEQ ID NOs: 81 and 85;
l) SEQ ID NOs: 89 and 93;
m) SEQ ID NOs: 97 and 101;
n) SEQ ID NOs: 105 and 109;
o) SEQ ID NOs: 113 and 117;
p) SEQ ID NOs: 121 and 125;
q) SEQ ID NOs: 129 and 133;
r) SEQ ID NOs: 137 and 141;
s) SEQ ID NOs: 145 and 149;
t) SEQ ID NOs: 153 and 157;
u) SEQ ID NOs: 161 and 165;
v) SEQ ID NOs: 169 and 173;
w) SEQ ID NOs: 177 and 181;
x) SEQ ID NOs: 185 and 189;
y) SEQ ID NOs: 193 and 197;
z) SEQ ID NOs: 201 and 205;
aa) SEQ ID NOs: 209 and 213;
bb) SEQ ID NOs: 217 and 221;
cc) SEQ ID NOs: 225 and 229;
dd) SEQ ID NOs: 233 and 237;
ee) SEQ ID NOs: 241 and 245;
ff) SEQ ID NOs: 249 and 253;
gg) SEQ ID NOs: 257 and 261;
hh) SEQ ID NOs: 265 and 269;
ii) SEQ ID NOs: 273 and 277;
jj) SEQ ID NOs: 281 and 285;
kk) SEQ ID NOs: 289 and 293;
ll) SEQ ID NOs: 297 and 301;
mm) SEQ ID NOs: 305 and 309;
nn) SEQ ID NOs: 313 and 317;
oo) SEQ ID NOs: 321 and 325;
pp) SEQ ID NOs: 329 and 333;
qq) SEQ ID NOs: 337 and 341;
rr) SEQ ID NOs: 345 and 349;
ss) SEQ ID NOs: 353 and 357;
tt) SEQ ID NOs: 361 and 365;
uu) SEQ ID NOs: 369 and 373;
vv) SEQ ID NOs: 377 and 381;
ww) SEQ ID NOs: 385 and 389;
xx) SEQ ID NOs: 393 and 397;
yy) SEQ ID NOs: 401 and 405;
zz) SEQ ID NOs: 409 and 413;
aaa) SEQ ID NOs: 417 and 421;
bbb) SEQ ID NOs: 425 and 429;
ccc) SEQ ID NOs: 433 and 437;
ddd) SEQ ID NOs: 441 and 445;
eee) SEQ ID NOs: 449 and 453;
fff) SEQ ID NOs: 457 and 461;
ggg) SEQ ID NOs: 465 and 469;
hhh) SEQ ID NOs: 473 and 477; or
iii) SEQ ID NOs: 481 and 485.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, comprising a human framework region.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the VH and the VL respectively comprise the amino acid sequences set forth as:
a) SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 21;
b) SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 13;
c) SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 5;
d) SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 29;
e) SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 37;
f) SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 53;
g) SEQ ID NOs: 41 and 45;
h) SEQ ID NOs: 57 and 61;
i) SEQ ID NOs: 65 and 69;
j) SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 77;
k) SEQ ID NOs: 81 and 85;
l) SEQ ID NOs: 89 and 93;
m) SEQ ID NOs: 97 and 101;
n) SEQ ID NOs: 105 and 109;
o) SEQ ID NOs: 113 and 117;
p) SEQ ID NOs: 121 and 125;
q) SEQ ID NOs: 129 and 133;
r) SEQ ID NOs: 137 and 141;
s) SEQ ID NOs: 145 and 149;
t) SEQ ID NOs: 153 and 157;
u) SEQ ID NOs: 161 and 165;
v) SEQ ID NOs: 169 and 173;
w) SEQ ID NOs: 177 and 181;
x) SEQ ID NOs: 185 and 189;
y) SEQ ID NOs: 193 and 197;
z) SEQ ID NOs: 201 and 205;
aa) SEQ ID NOs: 209 and 213;
bb) SEQ ID NOs: 217 and 221;
cc) SEQ ID NOs: 225 and 229;
dd) SEQ ID NOs: 233 and 237;
ee) SEQ ID NOs: 241 and 245;
ff) SEQ ID NOs: 249 and 253;
gg) SEQ ID NOs: 257 and 261;
hh) SEQ ID NOs: 265 and 269;
ii) SEQ ID NOs: 273 and 277;
jj) SEQ ID NOs: 281 and 285;
kk) SEQ ID NOs: 289 and 293;
ll) SEQ ID NOs: 297 and 301;
mm) SEQ ID NOs: 305 and 309;
nn) SEQ ID NOs: 313 and 317;
oo) SEQ ID NOs: 321 and 325;
pp) SEQ ID NOs: 329 and 333;
qq) SEQ ID NOs: 337 and 341;
rr) SEQ ID NOs: 345 and 349;
ss) SEQ ID NOs: 353 and 357;
tt) SEQ ID NOs: 361 and 365;
uu) SEQ ID NOs: 369 and 373;
vv) SEQ ID NOs: 377 and 381;
ww) SEQ ID NOs: 385 and 389;
xx) SEQ ID NOs: 393 and 397;
yy) SEQ ID NOs: 401 and 405;
zz) SEQ ID NOs: 409 and 413;
aaa) SEQ ID NOs: 417 and 421;
bbb) SEQ ID NOs: 425 and 429;
ccc) SEQ ID NOs: 433 and 437;
ddd) SEQ ID NOs: 441 and 445;
eee) SEQ ID NOs: 449 and 453;
fff) SEQ ID NOs: 457 and 461;
ggg) SEQ ID NOs: 465 and 469;
hhh) SEQ ID NOs: 473 and 477; or
iii) SEQ ID NOs: 481 and 485.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises a human constant domain.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is a human antibody.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an IgG.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The antibody of claim 1, comprising a recombinant constant domain comprising a modification that increases the half-life of the antibody.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The antibody of claim 9, wherein the modification increases binding to the neonatal Fc receptor.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody specifically binds an N-terminal domain of the coronavirus spike.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody specifically binds a S domain of the coronavirus spike protein.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, wherein the antibody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The antigen binding fragment of claim 1.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The antigen binding fragment of claim 14, wherein the antigen binding fragment is a Fv, Fab, F(ab′)2, scFV or a scFV2 fragment.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment specifically binds a spike protein from at least three betacoronaviruses selected from the group consisting of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HKU1, and OC43.

### Claim 17

(canceled)

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment specifically binds a spike protein from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HKU1, OC43, NL63 and 229E.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding of claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment specifically binds a stem-helix in the S2 domain of the spike protein.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, conjugated to a detectable marker.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

A bispecific antibody comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, or a VH or VL of the antibody.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The nucleic acid molecule of claim 22, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is a cDNA sequence encoding the VH or VL.

### Claim 24 (depends on 22)

The nucleic acid molecule of claim 22, operably linked to a promoter.

### Claim 25 (depends on 22)

A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 22.

### Claim 26 (depends on 22)

A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 22.

### Claim 27 (depends on 1)

A pharmaceutical composition for use in inhibiting a coronavirus infection, comprising an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1, a bispecific antibody comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen binding fragment, or a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

### Claim 28 (depends on 1)

A method of producing an antibody or antigen binding fragment that specifically binds to a coronavirus spike protein, comprising:
expressing one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibody, antigen binding fragment of claim 1 in a host cell; and
purifying the antibody or antigen binding fragment.

### Claim 29 (depends on 1)

A method of detecting the presence of a coronavirus in a biological sample from a subject, comprising: contacting the biological sample with an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 1 under conditions sufficient to form an immune complex; and
detecting the presence of the immune complex in the biological sample, wherein the presence of the immune complex in the biological sample indicates the presence of the coronavirus in the sample.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, wherein detecting the presence of the immune complex in the biological sample indicates that the subject has a SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, OC43, NL63, 229E, or HKU1 infection.

### Claim 31 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, wherein detecting the presence of the immune complex in the biological sample indicates that the subject has a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

### Claim 32 (depends on 1)

A method of inhibiting a coronavirus infection in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the antibody, antigen binding fragment, nucleic acid molecule, vector, or pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 to the subject, wherein the subject has or is at risk of a coronavirus infection.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein the coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, OC43, NL63, 229E, or HKU1.

### Claim 34 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein the coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2.

### Claim at position 35

35-37. (canceled)