Ultralow-Fouling Zwitterionic Polyurethane-Modified Membrane Methods and Devices for Rapid Separation of Plasma From Whole Blood

A filter device comprising:

• a filter, the filter having a surface morphology and a pore size distribution, the filter comprising:
• a porous membrane support having a surface morphology and a pore size distribution;
• and
• a zwitterionic polyurethane or pre-polymer thereof,
• wherein the porous membrane support includes a layer of the zwitterionic polyurethane or pre-polymer thereof on a surface of the porous membrane support;
• and wherein the surface morphology and pore size distribution of the filter is substantially similar to the surface morphology and the pore size distribution of the porous membrane support prior to the addition of the zwitterionic polyurethane or pre-polymer thereof.

A zwitterionic polyurethane membrane configured to separate plasma from a blood sample, comprising

• a porous membrane support having a surface morphology and a pore size distribution;
• and
• a zwitterionic polyurethane or pre-polymer thereof,
• wherein the porous membrane support includes a layer of the zwitterionic polyurethane or pre-polymer thereof on a surface of the porous membrane support to provide a zwitterionic polyurethane membrane, wherein the zwitterionic polyurethane membrane has a pore size distribution in a range of about 20 nm to about 5 μm, about 50 nm to about 4.5 μm, about 75 nm to about 4 μm, about 100 nm to about 3.5 μm, about 250 nm to about 3.0 μm, about 500 nm to about 2.5 μm, about 750 nm to about 2 μm, or about 1 μm.