# US 2025/0097733 A1 · System and method for energy-optimized uav-assisted underwater wireless sensor network > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2025/0097733 A1 - Document ID: US20250097733A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/800,359 - Filed: 2024-08-12 - Published: 2025-03-20 - Earliest claimed: 2023-09-19 - Assignees: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Applicants: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Inventors: Sandeep VERMA; Md. Shahbaz AKHTAR; Aneek ADHYA - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250097733A1 ## CPC - H04W 24/02: Arrangements for optimising operational condition - H04W 52/0203: {in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks} - H04W 84/06: Airborne or Satellite Networks (space-based or airborne stations H04B7/185) - H04W 84/18: Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks - Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract It is quite apparent that deployment of different sensors or combination of different sensors in underwater sensor network (UWSNs) helps researchers and environmentalists to gather valuable data on oceanography, marine life, water quality, and environmental changes in underwater ecosystems, contributing to a better understanding of the planet's aquatic environments. Therefore, the present invention is directed to provide a system and method for establishing energy-optimized UAV-assisted underwater wireless sensor network (FIG. 1) to collect data from sensor nodes placed underwater through deployment of a set number of gateway nodes equipped with solar harvesting module embedded on to them. The purpose of this invention is to reduce the impact of the hot-spot issue in UWSN. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for establishing energy-optimized UAV-assisted underwater wireless sensor network comprising plurality of underwater sensor nodes, said sensor nodes are clustered, whereby cluster member nodes send data to a cluster head (CH) node; plurality of energy harvesting (EH)-enabled nodes deployed over surface of the water for receiving data sent from said CH node; one or more Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for receiving data from said CH node or said EH enabled nodes; a UAV traffic controller (UTC) to control the UAVs including connecting the UAVs to cellular network. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cluster member nodes are subjected for continuous checking of energy, whereby if energy of a node is greater than zero, the cluster nodes transmit data to the selected CH by following Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduling otherwise the node is said to be a dead node. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CH nodes involves data aggregation to forward data to the nearest EH enabled node, whereby the EH enabled nodes are subjected for continuous checking of energy and if energy of the EH enabled node is greater than a threshold level of energy, the EH enabled node sends data packets to the UAV otherwise no data will be transmitted to EH enabled node and again energy of EH enabled node is checked. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection of CH is done using GJO method which includes Search Behavior, Population-Based Approach, creating an Objective Function, Foraging and Hunting, Movement and Interaction, Exploration and Exploitation, Memory and Learning and finally Termination Criteria. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor nodes are clustered based on TDMA scheduling to enhance the network's efficiency and energy utilization. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, includes Battery Fuel Gauge ICs to measure energy levels of the EH enabled nodes and cluster member nodes. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the UAV traffic controller (UTC) includes UAV Communication Modules that allow the UAV to connect to the cellular network; UTC Command Center or Ground Control Station from where UAV operators, flight controllers, and other personnel monitors control multiple UAVs simultaneously; Cellular Network Connectivity module to establish the cellular network connection with the UAV communication modules which also enables bidirectional communication between the UAV and the UTC Command Center over the cellular infrastructure; Data Transmission and Telemetry includes telemetry data (e.g., GPS location, altitude, speed, battery status) sent by the UAV to the UTC for real-time monitoring and situational awareness; Commands and Control Signals sent to the UAV through the cellular network from the UTC Command Center and the commands include instructions for flight path adjustments, altitude changes, payload operations, and other flight-related actions; Network Quality and Latency for ensuring a stable and low-latency connection is critical for real-time control of UAVs, especially in critical applications like surveillance, emergency response, or delivery services. Authentication and encryption protocols to secure the communication between the UAV and the UTC Command Center. to prevent unauthorized access and ensure data privacy; Redundancy and Fail-Safe Mechanisms for enhancing reliability and safety, redundant communication paths wherein the redundancy and fail-safe mechanisms involves multiple cellular networks, satellite links, or even backup radio communication systems in case the primary connection is lost; Sink for receiving data forwarded from the UAV. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein cluster-member nodes including the nodes which are closely located to each other, one of two such nodes, is put to sleep mode until its energy gets lower than the threshold value using sleep-scheduling mechanism. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor nodes include anyone or more of acoustic sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, salinity sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, turbidity sensors, chemical sensors. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the EH enabled nodes are powered through solar-harvesting method. ### Claim 11 A method for energy-optimized UAV-assisted underwater wireless sensor network comprising a. installing set up for operating UAV; b. deploying underwater sensor nodes and placing the EH enabled sensor nodes on the surface of water; c. establishing a cellular communication network; d. selection of cluster head (CH) using Golden Jackel Optimization method; e. checking/measuring energy of the sensor nodes continuously, if energy of node is greater than zero, cluster nodes transmit data to the selected CH by following TDMA scheduling otherwise the node is said to be a dead node; f. performing data aggregation and forwarding data to the nearest EH enabled nodes; g. checking/measuring energy of EH enabled node, if the energy of EH enabled node is greater than threshold level of energy EH enabled node sends data packets to UAV otherwise no data A method will be transmitted to EH enabled node and again checking energy of EH enabled node; h. sending data to user from UAV by using the cellular communication network and if all the nodes are dead, the network is said to be dead else the network keeps operating.