# US 2025/0096604 A1 · Energy Harvesting Multisensor Wildfire Monitoring System

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- Number: US 2025/0096604 A1
- Document ID: US20250096604A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 18/370,147
- Filed: 2023-09-19
- Published: 2025-03-20
- Earliest claimed: 2023-09-19
- Assignees: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foudation
- Applicants: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foudation
- Inventors: Yigit Tuncel; Umit Y. Ogras; Toygun Basaklar
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250096604A1

## CPC

- H02J 50/001: {Energy harvesting or scavenging}
- A62C 3/0271: {Detection of area conflagration fires (fire alarms for forest fires G08B17/005)}
- G06N 3/092: Reinforcement learning
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- A62C: FIRE-FIGHTING (fire-extinguishing compositions, use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires A62D1/00; spraying, applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces in general B05; alarm arrangements G08B, e.g. fire alarms actuated by smoke or gases G08B17/10)
- G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS

## Abstract

A remotely deployable sensor system for detecting wildfires dynamically selects sampling schedules for a set of different sensors according to a machine learning model trained to minimize differences between sensor samples and the environment while conserving harvested electrical energy.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A sensor system monitoring wildfire at a field location, comprising:
a sensor suite including multiple sensors measuring different environmental parameters and having different electrical energy demands;
an energy harvester for extracting energy from the environment to provide electrical power;
an energy store communicating with the energy harvester for storing the provided electrical power;
a power management circuit operating to read the environmental parameters and monitor energy in the energy storage to schedule the power consumption of each sensor from the energy store according to a schedule provided by a model trained with a training set of environmental parameters of wildfires and harvestable power over multiple predefined episodes; and
a wireless transmitter for communicating the environmental parameters to a remote fire assessment station;

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The sensor system of claim 1 wherein the sensors are selected from the group consisting of: humidity sensors, temperature sensors, cameras, and particles sensors.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The sensor system of claim 1 wherein the episode covers at least a year.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The sensor system of claim 1 wherein the model is trained using reinforcement learning.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The sensor system of claim 1 wherein the model is trained to provide schedules that minimize a combined difference between the environmental parameters and sensor readings of the environmental parameters over the training set.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The sensor system of claim 5 wherein the model is trained to provide schedules that conserve the energy stored during the episode over the training set.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The sensor system of claim 1 wherein the training set provides a simulation of a terrain of the field location.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The sensor system of claim 7 wherein the training set provides a simulation of a climate of the field location.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The sensor system of claim 1 wherein the model is a simulation providing ground truth measurements and sensor measurements with probabilistically added noise.

### Claim 10

A method of training a sensor system of a type having:
an energy harvester for extracting energy from the environment to provide electrical power;
an energy store communicating with the energy harvester for storing the provided electrical power;
a sensor suite including multiple sensors measuring different environmental parameters and having different electrical energy demands;
a power management circuit operating to read the environmental parameters and monitor the energy store to schedule the power consumption of each sensor from the energy store according to a schedule provided by a model; and
a wireless transmitter for communicating the environmental parameters to a remote fire assessment station; the method comprising:
(a) generating a training set of environmental parameters of wildfires and harvestable power over multiple predefined episodes; and
(b) training the model using the training set to provide schedules that minimize a combined difference between the environmental parameters and sensor readings of the environmental parameters over the training set comprised of different episodes while conserving the energy stored during the episode over the training set.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the sensors are selected from the group consisting of: humidity sensors, temperature sensors, cameras, and particles sensors.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the episode covers at least a year.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the model is trained using reinforcement learning.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the training set provides a simulation of a terrain of a location of the sensor system.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14 wherein the training set provides a simulation of a climate of the field location.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the model is a simulation providing ground truth measurements and sensor measurements with probabilistically added noise.