# US 2025/0096337 A1 · Method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for estimating state of battery using radio frequency signal

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- Number: US 2025/0096337 A1
- Document ID: US20250096337A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 18/405,255
- Filed: 2024-01-05
- Published: 2025-03-20
- Earliest claimed: 2023-09-14
- Assignees: Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Minsu KIM
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250096337A1

## CPC

- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569)
- G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
- G01R 31/371: with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
- G06N 3/08: Learning methods
- H01M 10/0431: {Cells with wound or folded electrodes (H01M10/045 takes precedence)}
- H01M 10/0587: of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
- H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)}
- H01M 10/4285: {Testing apparatus}
- H01M 10/482: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially}
- H01M 10/486: {for measuring temperature}
- H01M 50/569: Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals (battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements G01R31/364)
- G01R 31/382: Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
- H01M 2010/4278: {Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A method of estimating a state of a battery cell provided in a battery pack includes obtaining, from a radio frequency (RF) antenna provided at opposite ends of the battery cell and configured to transmit and receive an RF signal, data regarding a phase and an amplitude of the RF signal, calculating an expansion coefficient of a jelly roll inside the battery cell based on the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal, and estimating a state of the battery cell based on the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll. Corresponding apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable medium are also provided.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of estimating a state of a battery cell provided in a battery pack, the method comprising:
obtaining, from a radio frequency (RF) antenna provided at opposite ends of the battery cell and configured to transmit and receive an RF signal, data regarding a phase and an amplitude of the RF signal;
calculating an expansion coefficient of a jelly roll inside the battery cell based on the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal; and
estimating a state of the battery cell based on the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal includes:
transmitting, from an RF antenna transmission unit provided at an end of the battery cell and configured to transmit an RF signal, the RF signal to the battery cell; and
receiving data regarding a phase and an amplitude of the RF signal passing through the battery cell at an RF antenna reception unit provided at the other end of the battery cell and configured to receive the RF signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculating of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll includes:
reconstructing, by using a pre-trained deep learning model, an internal structure of the battery cell into three-dimensional (3D) data based on the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal; and
calculating, by using the pre-trained deep learning model, percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll based on the 3D data.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the reconstructing of the internal structure of the battery cell into the 3D data includes reconstructing, by using a pre-trained DensePose model, the internal structure of the battery cell into the 3D data based on the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculating of the percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll includes calculating, by using a pre-trained Mask-RCNN model, the percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll based on the 3D data.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculating of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll further includes training a deep learning model based on the 3D data and the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 3)

The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the estimating of the state of the battery cell includes estimating an expansion state of the battery cell based on the percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll.

### Claim 8

An apparatus for estimating a state of a battery cell provided in a battery pack, the apparatus comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) antenna provided at opposite ends of the battery cell and configured to transmit and receive an RF signal; and
a processor configured to calculate an expansion coefficient of a jelly roll inside the battery cell based on data regarding a phase and an amplitude of the RF signal received from the RF antenna and estimate a state of the battery cell based on the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the RF antenna includes:
an RF antenna transmission unit provided at an end of the battery cell and configured to transmit an RF signal; and
an RF antenna reception unit provided at the other end of the battery cell and configured to receive data regarding a phase and an amplitude of an RF signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to reconstruct, by using a pre-trained deep learning model, an internal structure of the battery cell into three-dimensional (3D) data based on the data regarding the phase and amplitude of the RF signal and calculate, by using the pre-trained deep learning model, percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll based on the 3D data.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to reconstruct, by using a pre-trained DensePose model, the internal structure of the battery cell into the 3D data based on the data regarding the phase and amplitude of the RF signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate, by using a pre-trained Mask-RCNN model, the percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll based on the 3D data.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to train a deep learning model based on the 3D data and the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to estimate an expansion state of the battery cell based on the percentage data of the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll.

### Claim 15

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing program code for performing a method of estimating a state of a battery cell provided in a battery pack, the method comprising:
obtaining, from a radio frequency (RF) antenna provided at opposite ends of the battery cell and configured to transmit and receive an RF signal, data regarding a phase and an amplitude of the RF signal;
calculating an expansion coefficient of a jelly roll inside the battery cell based on the data regarding the phase and the amplitude of the RF signal; and
estimating a state of the battery cell based on the expansion coefficient of the jelly roll.