# US 2025/0093689 A1 · High performance optical modulator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2025/0093689 A1 - Document ID: US20250093689A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/959,390 - Filed: 2024-11-25 - Published: 2025-03-20 - Earliest claimed: 2020-11-23 - Applicants: HyperLight Corporation - Inventors: Mian Zhang; Christian Reimer; Prashanta Kharel - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250093689A1 ## CPC - G02F 1/011: {in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass} - G02F 1/0316: {Electrodes} - G02F 1/035: in an optical waveguide structure - G02F 1/225: in an optical waveguide structure - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract An optical device including a waveguide, electrodes, and a connecting dielectric is described. The waveguide includes an electro-optic material having a waveguide optical refractive index and a waveguide microwave dielectric constant. The electrodes include a first electrode and a second electrode. The waveguide is between the first electrode and the second electrode. At least a portion of the connecting dielectric is between the waveguide and electrodes. The connecting dielectric has a microwave dielectric constant greater than the waveguide microwave dielectric constant. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An optical device, comprising: a waveguide including an electro-optic material having a waveguide optical refractive index and a waveguide microwave dielectric constant, the electro-optic material including lithium; an electrode; a cladding having a cladding optical dielectric constant and a cladding microwave dielectric constant, at least a portion of the cladding being on the waveguide; and a connecting dielectric, at least a portion of the connecting dielectric having a microwave dielectric constant greater than the cladding microwave dielectric constant and being between at least a portion of the waveguide and the electrode. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein a first portion of the connecting dielectric is on the waveguide. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The optical device of claim 2, wherein the first portion of the connecting dielectric is between the waveguide and the cladding. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein the cladding microwave dielectric constant is at least 3.8. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, further comprising: an additional electrode, the at least the portion of the waveguide being between the electrode and the additional electrode. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein an additional portion of the connecting dielectric is between the electrode and a substrate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein an additional portion of the connecting dielectric is on the electrode. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein the connecting dielectric includes a plurality of layers, at least one of the plurality of layers having the microwave dielectric constant. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein the microwave dielectric constant is greater than the waveguide microwave dielectric constant. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The optical device of claim 1, wherein the connecting dielectric is configured to direct an electric field generated by a signal in the electrode toward the waveguide. ### Claim 11 An optical device, comprising: a waveguide including an electro-optic material having a waveguide optical refractive index and a waveguide microwave dielectric constant, the electro-optic material including lithium; a plurality of electrodes; cladding on at least a portion of the waveguide, the cladding having a cladding microwave dielectric constant of at least 3.8; and a connecting dielectric, at least a portion of the connecting dielectric having a microwave dielectric constant greater than the cladding microwave dielectric constant and being between at least a portion of the waveguide and the plurality of electrodes, the connecting dielectric being configured to direct an electric field generated by a signal in at least one of the plurality of electrodes toward the waveguide. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The optical device of claim 11, wherein a first portion of the connecting dielectric is on the waveguide. ### Claim 13 A method, comprising: providing a waveguide including an electro-optic material having a waveguide optical refractive index and a waveguide microwave dielectric constant, the electro-optic material including lithium; providing an electrode; providing a connecting dielectric; and providing a cladding having a cladding optical dielectric constant and a cladding microwave dielectric constant, at least a portion of the cladding being on the waveguide; wherein at least a portion of the connecting dielectric has a microwave dielectric constant greater than the cladding microwave dielectric constant and is between at least a portion of the waveguide and the electrode. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the providing the connecting dielectric further includes: providing a first portion of the connecting dielectric on the waveguide. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the first portion of the connecting dielectric is between the waveguide and the cladding. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the cladding microwave dielectric constant is at least 3.8. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the providing the electrode further includes: providing an additional electrode, a portion of the waveguide being between the electrode and the additional electrode. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the connecting dielectric includes a plurality of layers, at least one of the plurality of layers having the microwave dielectric constant. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the microwave dielectric constant is greater than the waveguide microwave dielectric constant. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the connecting dielectric is configured to direct an electric field generated by a signal the electrode toward the waveguide.