Low-refractive-index film, laminate, optical element, windbreak material, and display device

A low-refractive-index film comprising a first layer and a second layer adjacent to the first layer,

• the low-refractive-index film having a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.01 and less than or equal to 1.30,
• the first layer and the second layer each including hollow particles and a binder,
• the first layer having a thickness less than or equal to half a thickness of the low-refractive-index film and less than or equal to 200 nm, wherein the first layer has voids so as to satisfy at least one selected from a group of conditions (I) and (II) described below,
• (I) a number density of the voids each having a cross-sectional area of greater than or equal to 1000 nm2 is greater than or equal to 5/μm2 and less than or equal to 100/μm2 on a cross-section of the first layer, and
• (II) a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the voids on the cross-section to an area of the cross-section of the first layer is greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 70%.