Co-evaporation of monomer pairs for covalent organic framework film growth

A system for producing a covalent organic framework, comprising:

• a furnace;
• a first monomer, disposed in a first zone within the furnace;
• a second monomer, disposed in a second zone within the furnace,
• a substrate, disposed in a third zone within the furnace,
• wherein the third zone is located downstream from the first zone and the second zone;
• and
• a heating system in the furnace configured to heat the furnace to a temperature profile having a range of temperatures comprising at least a first temperature range in the first zone, a second temperature range in the second zone, and a third temperature range in the third zone,
• wherein heating the first zone to the first temperature range vaporizes the first monomer to form a first vaporized monomer and heating the second zone to the second temperature range vaporizes the second monomer to produce a second vaporized monomer,
• wherein an average temperature of the third temperature range is lower than an average temperature of the first temperature range and an average temperature of the second temperature range, and
• wherein, the first vaporized monomer and the second vaporized monomer absorb onto a surface of the substrate to produce the covalent organic framework (COF).