Integrated process of pyrolysis and gasification of waste and the derivatives thereof and apparatus for the implementation thereof

Integrated pyrolysis and gasification process of waste and its derivatives comprising:

• step 1:
• feed the dosing feeder process (1.1) with waste and/or its derivatives;
• step 2:
• dose the waste and its derivatives to be inserted into the rotary kiln set (1.2);
• step 3:
• by action of gases from the exothermic reactions of the gasifier set (1.3) at a temperature of around 650° C. carry out the endothermic processes of pyrolysis of waste and its derivatives in the rotary kiln set (1.2);
• step 4:
• direct materials that were not pyrolyzed under the conditions imposed in the rotary kiln (1.2) to the gasifier (1.3) by rotating the kiln (1.2.1);
• step 5:
• move the material in process in the gasifier (1.3) by the advancing and retreating action of the moving grate sets (1.3.1.2), so that they are subjected to the partial oxidation reaction with atmospheric air, used as a gasifying agent, blown by the air blower (1.3.9) in an upward flow that passes through the holes (1.3.1.1.2) of the grates (1.3.1.1) and (1.3.1.2) to carry out the sub stoichiometric gasification combustion reactions, undergoing control of the predominantly sub stoichiometric reactions, pressure (1.5.1), temperature (1.5.2), and oxygen content (1.5.3) sensors are used;
• step 6:
• concomitant with step 5, the non-gasified materials in the gasification chamber (1.3) will be pushed through the moving grates (1.3.1.2) of the grate sections (1.3.1) to the ash extractor (1.3.8), as well as the fine materials that pass through the holes (1.3.1.1.2) in the grates go through the valves (1.3.5), through the screw conveyor (1.3.6), joining the rest of the ash in the conveyor (1.3.8), passing through the water or mechanical seal (1.3.7) to the outside of the gasifier (1.3) avoiding false air entering the gasifier (1.3);
• step 7:
• the gases produced in the gasifier (1.3) by the gasification reactions from the sub stoichiometric oxidation reaction of waste and its derivatives, will be drawn through the gas removal duct (1.1.5.4), passing through the interior of the rotary kiln (1.2.1), collaborating with the reaction in step 3 above;
• step 8:
• the gases produced in the rotary kiln set (1.2) by pyrolytic reactions from the decomposition of waste and their derivatives, together with the gases derived from the gasification processes carried out in the gasifier (1.3) are sucked into the waste removal duct gases (1.1.5.4);
• step 9:
• flow of the gas removal duct (1.1.5.4), which is caused by the system composed of the air blower (1.4.1) and Venturi (1.4.3), generating a Venturi effect pulling the gases;
• step 10:
• direct the gases drawn by the Venturi effect (1.4.3) to the entrance of the combustion chamber (1.4.8.1) tangentially to the chamber (1.4.8);
• step 11:
• concomitantly with step 10, inflate air flow, through a blower (1.4.6) and valve control (1.4.7), in the same rotational direction of the combustible gases derived from waste that enter tangentially into the combustion chamber (1.4.8) offering a minimum retention time of 1.5 seconds for gases inside the chamber at temperatures between 1,000° C. and 1,400° C.;
• step 12:
• use the thermal energy generated at the output (1.4.9).