Method of operating storage device and storage device performing the same

A storage device comprising:

• a plurality of non-volatile memories including a plurality of meta blocks configured to store a plurality of metadata;
• and
• a storage controller configured to
• receive a first command for detecting an abnormal state of the storage device from a host device located outside the storage device,
• obtain a plurality of characteristic values, including a first characteristic value, a second characteristic value, a third characteristic value, a fourth characteristic value, and a degradation index for each of the plurality of meta blocks in response to receiving the first command, and
• output a first response to the host device based on at least one of the first characteristic value or the degradation index, wherein
• the first characteristic value being related to an endurance characteristic,
• the second characteristic value being related to a data retention characteristic,
• the third characteristic value being related to a read disturbance characteristic,
• the fourth characteristic value being related to a temperature characteristic,
• the degradation index being calculated from the plurality of characteristic values, and
• the first response corresponding to the first command and being generated in response to the abnormal state of the storage device being detected.

A method of operating a storage system including a host device and a storage device including a plurality of meta blocks configured to store a plurality of metadata, the method comprising:

• transmitting, by the host device, a first command for detecting an abnormal state of the storage device to the storage device;
• obtaining, by the storage device, a plurality of characteristic values including a first characteristic value, a second characteristic value, a third characteristic value, and a fourth characteristic value, and a degradation index calculated from the plurality of characteristic values for each of the plurality of meta blocks based on the first command, the first characteristic value being related to an endurance characteristic and being obtained as a erase count (EC) percentile value, the second characteristic value being related to a data retention characteristic and being obtained as data retention time, the third characteristic value being related to a read disturbance characteristic and being obtained as a number of read operations, the fourth characteristic value being related to temperature characteristic and being obtained as a write temperature, the degradation index being calculated from the first to fourth characteristic values, the EC percentile value being obtained by dividing an EC value by an EC limit value, the data retention time being measured from a time point at which a write operation is performed, the number of read operations being counted after the write operation is performed, the write temperature being measured while the write operation is performed;
• comparing, by the storage device, the degradation index for each of the plurality of meta blocks with an abnormal state standard value;
• in response to the degradation index of a first meta block among the plurality of meta blocks being greater than or equal to the abnormal state standard value, transmitting, by the storage device, a first response corresponding to the first command to the host device.
• transmitting, by the host device, a second command for obtaining debugging information related to an abnormal state of the first meta block among the plurality of meta blocks to the storage device;
• and
• transmitting, by the storage device, a second response corresponding to the second command and including the debugging information to the host device based on the second command.