# US 2025/0060768 A1 · Voltage regulator

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- Number: US 2025/0060768 A1
- Document ID: US20250060768A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 18/721,014
- Filed: 2022-12-13
- Published: 2025-02-20
- Earliest claimed: 2021-12-16
- Assignees: Espressif Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Espressif Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Qiang WANG; Zibai LIU
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20250060768A1

## CPC

- G05F 1/575: characterised by the feedback circuit
- G05F 1/56: using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices (G05F1/461 takes precedence)
- H02M 3/07: using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode {, e.g. charge pumps}
- G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)

## Abstract

Disclosed is a voltage regulator including a power supply terminal and an output terminal. The voltage regulator includes an NMOS transistor including a drain electrode connected to the power supply terminal, a gate electrode, and a source electrode connected to the output terminal; a first regulating circuit including a voltage divider circuit connected between the output terminal and ground, and configured to generate a feedback voltage based on the output voltage of the output terminal, and an error amplifier including a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal connected to the gate electrode; and a second regulating circuit including a charge pump having an enable control terminal and an output terminal connected to the gate electrode, wherein the charge pump is configured to be selectively turned on based on the enable control signal to regulate the output voltage of the voltage regulator.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A voltage regulator comprising a power supply terminal and an output terminal, the voltage regulator being configured to provide a power supply voltage at the power supply terminal, and the output terminal being configured to connect to a load and to provide an output voltage, wherein the voltage regulator comprises:
an NMOS transistor comprising a drain electrode connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator, a gate electrode, and a source electrode connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator;
a first regulating circuit comprising:
a voltage divider circuit connected between the output terminal of the voltage regulator and ground, the voltage divider circuit being configured to generate a feedback voltage based on the output voltage of the output terminal of the voltage regulator;
an error amplifier comprising a first input terminal configured to provide a reference voltage, a second input terminal connected to the voltage divider circuit, and an output terminal connected to the gate electrode of the NMOS transistor; and
a second regulating circuit comprising:
a charge pump comprising an enable control terminal configured to receive an enable control signal and an output terminal connected to the gate electrode, the charge pump being configured to be selectively turned on based on the enable control signal to regulate the output voltage of the voltage regulator.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the charge pump further comprises:
a clock input terminal, wherein the charge pump is configured to receive a clock signal through the clock input terminal and to increase the voltage at the gate electrode of the NMOS transistor based on the clock signal upon being turned on, to increase the output voltage of the voltage regulator.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The voltage regulator according to claim 2, wherein the charge pump further comprises:
a first switch group comprising a plurality of switches;
a second switch group comprising a plurality of switches;
a first capacitor, together with the first switch group, being coupled between the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator and the ground, as well as being coupled between the output terminal of the charge pump and the ground;
a second capacitor, together with the second switch group, being coupled between the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator and the ground, as well as being coupled between the output terminal of the charge pump and the ground;
wherein in response to that the charge pump is turned on and the clock signal is a first level signal, one or more switches in the first and second switch groups are selectively controlled to charge the first capacitor and discharge the second capacitor; and in response to that the charge pump is turned on and the clock signal is a second level signal, one or more switches in the first and second switch groups are selectively controlled to discharge the first capacitor and charge the second capacitor; and
wherein the charge pump is turned on in response to the enable control signal being a third level signal; and the charge pump is turned off in response to the enable control signal being a fourth level signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The voltage regulator according to claim 3, wherein the first switch group comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch, wherein a first end of the first switch is connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator, a second end of the first switch is connected to a positive pole of the first capacitor, a negative pole of the first capacitor is connected to a first end of the second switch, a second end of the second switch is connected to the ground, a first end of the third switch is connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator, a second end of the third switch is connected to the negative pole of the first capacitor, a first end of the fourth switch is connected to the positive pole of the first capacitor, and a second end of the fourth switch is connected to the output terminal of the charge pump; and
the second switch group comprises a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch and a eighth switch, wherein a first end of the fifth switch is connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator, a second end of the fifth switch is connected to a positive pole of the second capacitor, a negative pole of the second capacitor is connected to a first end of the sixth switch, a second end of the sixth switch is connected to the ground, a first end of the seventh switch is connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator, a second end of the seventh switch is connected to the negative pole of the second capacitor, a first end of the eighth switch is connected to the positive pole of the second capacitor, and a second end of the eighth switch is connected to the output terminal of the charge pump;
wherein in response to that the enable control signal is a third level signal and the clock signal is a first level signal, the first switch, the second switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are switched on, and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch and the sixth switch are switched off;
in response to that the enable control signal is a third level signal and the clock signal is a second level signal, the first switch, the second switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch are switched off, and the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch and the sixth switch are switched on; and
in response to that the enable control signal is a fourth level signal, all switches in the first and second switch groups are switched off.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The voltage regulator according to claim 4, wherein the charge pump further comprises:
a gate control circuit comprising the enable control terminal, the clock input terminal, a first output control terminal, and a second output control terminal;
wherein the first output control terminal is connected to a control terminal of the first switch, the second switch, the seventh switch and the eighth switch, and the second output control terminal is connected to a control terminal of the third switch, the fourth switch, the fifth switch and the sixth switch.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The voltage regulator according to claim 5, wherein the gate control circuit further comprises:
a NOT gate, a first NAND gate, a second NAND gate, a third AND gate and a fourth AND gate;
wherein a first input terminal of the first NAND gate is connected to the clock input terminal, a second input terminal of the first NAND gate is connected to an output terminal of the second NAND gate, an output terminal of the first NAND gate is connected to a first input terminal of the second NAND gate and a first input terminal of the third AND gate;
an input terminal of the NOT gate is connected to the clock input terminal, and an output terminal of the NOT gate is connected to a second input terminal of the second NAND gate, and an output terminal of the second NAND gate is connected to a first input terminal of the fourth AND gate;
a second input terminal of the third AND gate and a second input terminal of the fourth AND gate are connected to the enable control terminal, an output terminal of the third AND gate is a first output terminal of the gate control circuit, and an output terminal of the fourth AND gate is a second output terminal of the gate control circuit.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The voltage regulator according to claim 2, wherein the second regulating circuit further comprises a clock circuit configured to output the clock signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the second regulating circuit further comprises:
a hysteresis comparator comprising a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage are provided at the first input terminal of the hysteresis comparator, the first threshold voltage is less than the second threshold voltage, the second input terminal of the hysteresis comparator is connected to the output terminal of the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the hysteresis comparator is connected to the enable control terminal of the charge pump;
wherein the hysteresis comparator is configured to generate the output signal based on the output voltage of the voltage regulator, the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage, and the output signal serves as the enable control signal of the charge pump.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The voltage regulator according to claim 8, wherein the hysteresis comparator is further configured to output a third level signal in response to the output voltage of the voltage regulator being not greater than the first threshold voltage, and to output a fourth level signal in response to the output voltage of the voltage regulator being not less than the second threshold voltage.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The voltage regulator according to claim 9, wherein the charge pump is configured to be turned on in response to the enable control signal being the third level signal, to increase the voltage at the gate electrode, thereby increasing and recovering the output voltage of the voltage regulator after the output voltage of the voltage regulator drops.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The voltage regulator according to claim 1, wherein the second regulating circuit further comprises:
a controller configured to obtain information indicating that the output voltage of the voltage regulator will drop at a first time and to provide a third level signal to the enable control terminal at a second time prior to the first time is reached;
wherein the charge pump is further configured to be turned on in response to receiving the third level signal, to increase the voltage at the gate electrode, thereby increasing the output voltage of the voltage regulator before the output voltage of the voltage regulator drops.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The voltage regulator according to claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to provide the clock signal to the clock input terminal of the charge pump.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The voltage regulator according to claim 12, wherein the information indicating that the output voltage of the voltage regulator will drop at the first time is based on the information indicating that the load of the voltage regulator will change at the first time.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The voltage regulator according to claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to start to drive the load at the first time.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The voltage regulator according to claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to adjust one or more of the following parameters of the charge pump: capacitance, clock frequency and turn-on time.