A non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store at least one instruction, that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform operations of detecting an abnormality of a motor of a column electric power steering (EPS) configured to provide an auxiliary steering force to a steering column of a vehicle, the operations comprising:
- obtaining at least one estimated value of an output of the motor from the artificial neural network model by inputting operation data related to steering wheel operation by a driver of the vehicle and state data indicating a state of the vehicle into the artificial neural network model;
- and
- detecting the abnormality of the motor by comparing the estimated value of the output of the motor estimated by the artificial neural network model with at least one measured value of the output of the motor sensed by a sensor.