Systems and methods for electrophysiological treatment

A system for determining a treatment time for cryoablating a target tissue comprising:

• a cryoballoon;
• a mapping array configured to be positioned adjacent to the target tissue and receive the cryoballoon within a body of the mapping array, the mapping array comprising one or more electrodes, wherein the one or more electrodes correspond with a treatment zone of the target tissue;
• a catheter configured to position the mapping array and the cryoballoon at the target tissue;
• and
• one or more hardware processors configured to be in electrical communication with the one or more electrodes, the one or more hardware processors configured to:
• generate a pacing signal at the one or more electrodes;
• determine a minimum activation energy of a non-target tissue;
• activate the cryoballoon to apply a liquid refrigerant to the treatment zone at a first time;
• detect, at a second time, an artifact in a signal of the one or more electrodes responsive to application of the liquid refrigerant;
• and
• determine a treatment time for the treatment zone based on the minimum activation energy and a difference between the second time and the first time.