AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR PLANTING NURSERY SEEDLINGS introduced in a self-propelled machine, with engine with radiator and gearbox having a power that can vary from 130 to 190 hp, with electronic injection and can perform the gears automatically according to the load, which has wheels with fenders equipped with a hydrostatic engine, with a carousel operator's seat (1) consisting of a monitor and a pilot's seat inside the cabin (10) consisting of a monitor (57) and steering wheel, with an earth compressor (51) coupled by a support arm and adjusted by a hydraulic piston;
- being composed in the front part of radar (52), front camera (59) and rear camera (53), and georeferencing system that uses GPS equipment (55) that captures and records the position of each seedling planted, through an antenna (54), to generate a digital planting map at the end of planting;
- the machine can also use a hydrostatic transmission system with independent and intelligent suspension on each wheel, which identifies obstacles ahead for each wheel and calibrates the hydraulic suspension to move the piston of each suspension up or down independently, the suspension being formed from a hydraulic piston for vertical adjustment of the wheel directly interconnected to a suspension arm that has a hydraulic piston for adjusting the direction of the wheel and a hydraulic piston for adjusting the rotation of the wheel axis;
- and characterized in that it is formed by the rotating seedling supply (3) which is composed of a rotating support (16) of bases (17) for the seedling trays that receives an axis (15) that allows circular movement, having coupled cylinders (13) that act to lower and raise the tray support, also having a fixing rod (14) on the machine body;
- and the seedling trays can be supported on shelves (60);
- a) carousel (1) supported by a support (23) which is fixed to the machine structure, which has a bearing hub (22) that ensures clockwise movement supported by a support (25), being driven by a hydraulic motor (31) that propels the entire system by moving the carousel clockwise to release a seedling per turn to the first stage tube (29), which has a lid (28) that prevents the seedlings from falling out of the tube where they are waiting to be planted;
- still having a helical pinion (26) and a planetary gear (27), which operates as a rack, also having a gear reducer (30) that helps in the movement to release one seedling at a time that will come out of each tube of the first stage (29), and in said tube (29) 30 seedlings are deposited, which will be planted one by one;
- and it also has a second stage waiting tube for the seedlings (24), in which the seedling leaves the carousel (1), waits until the planting nozzle (4) finishes the “injection” of a seedling, and goes up to pick up the next seedling, having a guide ring (32), whose system opens the door (28) of the first stage tube (29) to allow the seedling to fall into the second stage tube (24);
- b) horizontal linear guide (5), which allows the horizontal displacement of the planting beak (4), serving as a forward and backward displacement platform, and that has a leveling platform (19), which allows the vertical leveling of the entire system, a bearing hub (20), which allows the radial movement of the leveling assembly for leveling the entire planting beak (4), and a rack (21), contact point of the helical pine (45) for the forward displacement of the entire planting beak system at the end of the “injection” of a seedling, and the beginning of a new planting cycle of a new seedling;
- c) the guide (5) is mounted next to a support structure (2) that is fixed to the machine body, and receives a turning point (6), this system to level and stabilize the planting beak (4) and which guarantees that the beak always plants the seedlings in a perpendicular position to the sky;
- it receives leveling cylinders (7), which work by helping to level the planting beak (4) during machine displacement;
- a transverse tensioner (8) that works together with the turning point (6) to level the planting beak (4);
- a longitudinal tensioner (9), which prevents torsion movements of the entire leveling and stabilization system;
- a transverse tensioner support (11), which prevents transverse twisting of the entire system that makes up the planting beak (4);
- and a support for the leveling cylinder (12), being the coupling point of the leveling cylinders (7) with the structure of the entire system, which is fixed to the body of the machine;
- d) coupled to the horizontal linear guide (5) there is the planting beak (4), which is built from a structure with a straight horizontal carriage (38), which allows horizontal movement;
- a helical pinion (45) that performs the displacement of the planting beak in the linear guide (5) being connected to the rack (21);
- a cylinder (40) that moves in and out of the soil of the planting beak and is mounted next to the support (41);
- vertical linear guide (46), which performs the downward and upward displacement of the entire planting beak;
- horizontal sliding skid (47), which allows displacement of the nozzle on the linear guide (5) that moves forward with the action of the hydraulic motor (44) and at the same machine speed in the opposite direction to the displacement of the machine during the “injection” of the seedling;
- vertical sliding skate (48), which allows the beak to move up/down to enter and exit the earth;
- planting beak cone (49), which causes the seedling to fall inside the external (34) and internal (35) beak, before being “injected” into the soil;
- cylinder (42), which rotates on the axis of the internal beak (35), guided inside the external beak (34) to open the “door” that will allow the seedling to be “released” into the soil;
- vertical front carriage (36), which makes the up/down movement of the spout;
- said external nozzle (34), the seedling “injection” nozzle formed by the external nozzle (34) and the internal nozzle (35), two cylindrical and conical pieces inserted one inside the other, where the external nozzle (34) works as a guide and support for the inner beak (35), the inner beak that rotates around its own axis and guided by the outer beak, causes the rear opening of the planting beak and “releases” the seedling during planting;
- it also has a compacting plate (33), which compacts the earth to form the basin that will dam the water around the seedling;
- compactor plate cylinders (37), which together with the nitrogen pressure accumulator, work as a spring maintaining the necessary pressure for the plate (33) to make the basin to dam the water around the seedling;
- a cylinder support (39), where the cylinders that make the up/down movement of the compaction plate that forms the basin for damming water around the seedling are fixed;
- planting beak support (43), for fixing the external (34) and internal (35) beak;
- and a hydraulic motor (44), which makes the horizontal and linear movement of the planting nozzle (4) in the linear guide (5), when returning to the zero point, the nozzle is unlocked and returns by inertia, sliding backwards in the speed at which the machine is being moved across the planting area, during the seedling “injection” process;
- still having a reservoir (50) with around 8,000 L of water that is dragged by the machine and can irrigate an average of 4 L per seedling;
- and the planting nozzle (4) has an ultrasonic sensor of height of the nozzle (58), which penetrates the ground and performs at the same time and redundantly to the radar system (52) a mechanical test, verifying that there is no object preventing the planting of seedlings;
- being able to have a self-cleaning system located inside the nozzle (34), which prevents the accumulation of mud, in which the internal nozzle (35) has an internally welded plate and when there is movement of the external nozzle (34), on its return in the ascent, the plate that is immobile acts touching the mud together with the water that is dispensed.