Pyrolysis method and pyrolysis device for producing pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke

A pyrolysis process for production of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke, comprising:

• a) providing biomass with a water content of below 30% by weight in piece form, where the median particle diameter D50 of the biomass in piece form is between 2.0 mm and 60 mm, determined to ASTM E112;
• b) providing a pyrolysis apparatus comprising:
• i) a reactor space in an essentially vertical arrangement, where the reactor space is essentially cylindrical and/or essentially conical,
• ii) a conveying unit for transporting the biomass in piece form from the bottom upward through the reactor space;
• iii) a heating unit for the reactor space;
• iv) a feed for a heating medium into the heating unit from the top and a drain for the heating medium, such that the heating medium is conducted in countercurrent based on the biomass;
• v) an outlet for the pyrolysis gases in the upper region of the reactor space;
• vi) a discharge unit for pyrolysis coke or a discharge unit for pyrolysis coke and separated dust particles;
• c) feeding the biomass in piece form from the bottom upward through the reactor space, such that there is a bed within the reactor space;
• d) heating the biomass in piece form at a heating rate of 0.3 to 5 K/s;
• e) pyrolyzing the biomass in piece form essentially in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of 400 to 750° C. for 5 to 60 minutes;
• f) removing the pyrolysis gases from the reactor;
• h) removing the pyrolysis coke obtained;
• and
• i) removing the pyrolysis gas.