Fluoro beta-carboline compounds

A method of promoting bone formation of a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective of a compound according to Formula I:

• or a salt, hydrate, prodrug, or isomer thereof;
• wherein
• each R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, and R2 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 alkyl-OH, —O—C1-6 alkyl-OH, C3-6 cycloalkyl-C1-4 alkoxy, and —OH,
• provided that no more than two of R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, and R2 is H;
• A is
• RN is selected from the group consisting of heterocyclyl and heteroaryl, wherein
• the heterocyclyl moiety is selected from monocyclic, fused bicyclic, and bridged cyclic, the monocyclic heterocyclyl comprising from 4 to 7 ring members, the fused bicyclic and bridged bicyclic heterocyclyl comprising from 7 to 10 ring members, each heterocyclyl moiety having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms as ring members selected from N, O, and S, wherein each heterocyclyl moiety comprises at least one nitrogen atom as a ring member and is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 R5 moieties,
• the heteroaryl moiety comprises from 5 to 10 ring members, wherein at least one ring member is a nitrogen atom and is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 R5 moieties;
• and
• each R5 is selected from the group consisting of —OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl-OH,
• —O—C1-3 alkyl, C3-4 heteroalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, —O—C1-3 haloalkyl, halogen, and oxo, thereby promoting bone formation in the subject.