Hydroformylation process for preparing linear and branched aldehydes

A process for preparing linear and branched aldehydes, the process comprising:

• contacting an olefin with hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of a catalyst solution, the catalyst solution comprising:
• a hydroformylation solvent;
• a rhodium (Rh) source;
• and
• a fluorophosphite ligand of formula (I):
• wherein:
• X is —CH(R)—;
• R is independently C1-6alkyl, a 3- to 7-membered carbocycle, or a phenyl, where the 3- to 6-membered carbocycle or phenyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with 1-4 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, C1-4alkyl, C1-2haloalkyl, —OC1-4alkyl, and-OC1-2haloalkyl;
• R1, R2, R3, R4 are each independently C1-6alkyl, C1-2haloalkyl, hydrogen, halogen, or —CN;
• R5 and R6 are each
• R11 is a C1-6alkyl, a 3- to 6-membered carbocycle, or a phenyl, wherein the 3- to 6-membered carbocycle or phenyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with 1-4 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, C1-4alkyl, C1-2haloalkyl, —OC1-4alkyl, and —OC1-2haloalkyl;
• R7 and R8 are each independently C1-6alkyl, a 6- to 12-membered aryl, or a 3- to 6-membered carbocycle, wherein the 6- to 12-membered aryl and 3- to 6-membered carbocycle are each unsubstituted or substituted with 1-4 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, C1-4alkyl,
• C1-2haloalkyl, —OC1-4alkyl, and —OC1-2haloalkyl;
• and
• wherein the contacting of the olefin with the H2 and the CO in the presence of the catalyst solution at:
• a temperature ranging from 95° C. to 130° C.,
• a carbon monoxide partial pressure (PCO) ranging from 110 psia to 350 psia, and
• a hydrogen partial pressure (PH2) ranging from 20 psia to 150 psia,
• produces a ratio of linear aldehydes to branched aldehydes (l/b) of less than 1.0;
• and
• wherein the contacting of the olefin with the H2 and the CO in the presence of the catalyst solution at:
• a temperature ranging from 60° C. to 100° C.,
• a PCO ranging from 5 psia to 150 psia, and
• a PH2 ranging from 100 psia to 350 psia,
• produces a l/b of greater than 1.0.