Method of determining a local temperature anomaly in a fluidized bed of a reactor, method of calibrating a numerical model of a fluidized bed of a reactor, method of estimating risk of a fluidized bed reactor bed sintering, method of controlling a fluidized bed reactor, as well as a reactor

A method of determining a local temperature anomaly in a fluidized bed reactor system that comprises a reaction chamber having a grid that is equipped with at least three temperature sensors that together define a measurement grid, where each temperature sensor represents a measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , n), the method comprising:

• monitoring current operation data of the reactor, including the measured bed temperature (TMi;
• i=1, . . . , N) at each measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , N) and the predetermined process variables (x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . );
• preparing and calibrating a numerical model (f) between operation data, including predetermined process variables (x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ) and the measured bed temperatures (TMi;
• i=1, . . . , N) at each measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , N);
• computing bed temperatures for the measurement points (Pi, i=1, . . . , n) using the numerical model, to obtain computed bed temperatures (TCi;
• i=1, . . . , n) under normal operation conditions of the reactor system (10);
• and
• comparing the measured bed temperatures (TMi) with the computed temperatures (TCi) for at least some of the measurement points (Pi, i=1, . . . , n), and, if an anomaly threshold is exceeded, determining that a local temperature anomaly is present.

A method of estimating risk of fluidized bed reactor bed sintering, wherein the reactor system comprises a reaction chamber having a grid that is equipped with at least three temperature sensors that together define a measurement grid, where each temperature sensor represents a measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , n), the method comprising:

• measuring current operation data of the reactor, namely, the measured bed temperature (TMi;
• i=1, . . . , N) in the bed of the reactor, at each measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , n);
• based on the current operation data of the reactor, computing:
• (i) an average of the measured bed temperatures;
• (ii) a standard deviation of measured bed temperature;
• (iii) a difference between measured bed maximum temperature and measured bed minimum temperature;
• (iv) a spread (xspread,i=xi−x˜xi,) for the measured bed temperatures;
• and
• using the computation results from (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) to prepare a bed sintering index.

A reactor system that is configured to carry out a method of determining a local temperature anomaly in a fluidized bed reactor system that comprises a reaction chamber having a grid that is equipped with at least three temperature sensors that together define a measurement grid, where each temperature sensor represents a measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , n), the method comprising:

• monitoring current operation data of the reactor, including the measured bed temperature (TMi;
• i=1, . . . , N) at each measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , N) and the predetermined process variables (x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . );
• preparing and calibrating a numerical model (f) between operation data, including predetermined process variables (x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ) and the measured bed temperatures (TMi;
• i=1, . . . , N) at each measurement point (Pi, i=1, . . . , N);
• computing bed temperatures for the measurement points (Pi, i=1, . . . , n) using the numerical model, to obtain computed bed temperatures (TCi;
• i=1, . . . , n) under normal operation conditions of the reactor system (10);
• and
• comparing the measured bed temperatures (TMi) with the computed temperatures (TCi) for at least some of the measurement points (Pi, i=1, . . . , n), and, if an anomaly threshold is exceeded, determining that a local temperature anomaly is present.