Methods and systems that manage cloud-computing infrastructure by idempotent application of data specifications

An infrastructure-as-code cloud-infrastructure-management service comprising:

• one or more computer systems, each containing one or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more data-storage devices;
• and
• processor instructions, stored in one or more of the one or more memories that, when executed by one or more of the one or more processors, control the one or more computer systems to implement the infrastructure-as-code cloud-infrastructure-management service, the infrastructure-as-code cloud-infrastructure-management service including
• a frontend having
• a management interface that receives cloud-infrastructure-management commands and requests, including idempotent state commands,
• a database that stores information related to managed cloud infrastructure and received cloud-infrastructure-management requests and commands, and
• a frontend service that
• throttles the cloud-infrastructure-management commands and requests received through the management interface,
• generates tasks corresponding to the cloud-infrastructure-management commands and requests received through the management interface,
• prioritizes tasks, implements forced-state management, ingests events, and stores events,
• a task manager which receives tasks from the frontend and coordinates multiple stages of task execution using multiple task queues, including task preemption, and
• multiple workers that each provides a worker interface and that each executes tasks.