Pulsed field electroporation systems and methods

A pulsed field electroporation (PFE) method comprising:

• inserting an elongated shaft of a handheld PFE tool into a nasal passageway of a patient toward a targeted nasal tissue so that a PFE electrode located along a nasal treatment tip of the handheld PFE tool at a distal end of the elongated shaft is positioned proximate to the targeted nasal tissue while a handle of the handheld PFE tool located at a proximal end of the elongated shaft remains external to the nasal passageway;
• and
• outputting, from the PFE electrode of handheld PFE tool, a sequence of bursts of PFE pulses, each pair of consecutive bursts of PFE pulses in the sequence being separated by a predefined gap, wherein each burst of PFE pulses in the sequence comprises a high-frequency pulse train configured to induce irreversible electroporation in the targeted nasal tissue, and wherein the predefined gap separating each pair of consecutive bursts of PFE pulses is configured to stimulate one or more nerves proximate to the PFE electrode.