A catalyst used for producing, by an oxidation reaction of a hydrocarbon, a corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehyde and/or α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid,
- wherein the catalyst comprises molybdenum, bismuth, and cobalt, and satisfies the following Formula (I-1):
- (
- x
-
- 2
- -
- x
-
- 1
- )
- /
- σ
-
- 1
- ≤
- 1.5
- (
- I
- -
- 1
- )
- wherein, x1, x2, and σ1 are values obtained by binarizing a reflected electron image of the catalyst, which is obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, into black and white and subsequently performing an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis;
- x1 represents a bismuth concentration [% by mass] in black parts;
- x2 represents a bismuth concentration [% by mass] in white parts;
- and σ1 represents a standard deviation of the bismuth concentration in the black parts.