A receiver of a communication system having a processor, volatile and/or non-volatile memory, at least one interface adapted to receive a signal in an communication channel, wherein the non-volatile memory stores computer program instructions which, when executed by the microprocessor, configure the receiver to perform operations comprising:
- configuring a plurality of transmit antennas to each represent an in-phase spatial constellation symbol within an in-phase spatial constellation, and
- a quadrature spatial constellation symbol within a quadrature spatial constellation,
- mapping source data to the in-phase spatial constellation symbols and the quadrature spatial constellation symbols represented by the plurality of transmit antennas,
- wherein applying an optimal and scalable quadrature spatial modulation scheme (OS-OSM) results in a maximum possible coding gain in the resultant quadrature spatial modulation.