Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• and
• at least one unit selected from the group consisting of:
• a charging unit;
• a developing unit;
• and a cleaning unit,
• the process cartridge integrally supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the at least one unit, and being detachably attachable to an electrophotographic apparatus,
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising in this order:
• a support;
• an undercoat layer;
• and
• a photosensitive layer,
• wherein the undercoat layer comprises at least one kind of polymer selected from the group consisting of:
• a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1);
• and a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (2):
• in the formulae (1) and (2),
• α, β, and γ represent structures represented by the following formulae (α), (β), and (γ), respectively, and
• R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R21, R22, R23, and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group:
• in the formulae (α), (β), and (γ),
• R60, R61, R70, R71, R80, and R81 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Za, Zb, and Zc each independently represent a single bond, an imino group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom,
• 1a, 1b, and 1c each independently represent an integer of 0 or more,
• ma represents an integer of 1 or more,
• mb and mc each independently represent an integer of 0 or more,
• when Za represents a single bond, R60 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
• when Za represents an imino group or a sulfur atom, R60 represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
• when Za represents an oxygen atom, and R60 represents a hydrogen atom, ma represents an integer of 2 or more, and
• when Za represents an oxygen atom, and R60 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, ma represents an integer of 1 or more.

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• a charging unit;
• an exposing unit;
• a developing unit;
• and
• a transfer unit,
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising in this order:
• a support;
• an undercoat layer;
• and
• a photosensitive layer,
• wherein the undercoat layer comprises at least one kind of polymer selected from the group consisting of:
• a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1);
• and a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (2):
• in the formulae (1) and (2),
• α, β, and γ represent structures represented by the following formulae (α), (β), and (γ), respectively, and
• R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R21, R22, R23, and R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group:
• in the formulae (α), (β), and (γ),
• R60, R61, R70, R71, R80, and R81 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
• Za, Zb, and Zc each independently represent a single bond, an imino group, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom,
• 1a, 1b, and 1c each independently represent an integer of 0 or more,
• ma represents an integer of 1 or more,
• mb and mc each independently represent an integer of 0 or more,
• when Za represents a single bond, R60 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
• when Za represents an imino group or a sulfur atom, R60 represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
• when Za represents an oxygen atom, and R60 represents a hydrogen atom, ma represents an integer of 2 or more, and
• when Za represents an oxygen atom, and R60 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, ma represents an integer of 1 or more.