Vcsel with a small divergence angle, vcsel chip with a small divergence angle, and light source for a lidar system

A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a small divergence angle, comprising:

• a lower Bragg reflection layer;
• an active layer disposed on a side of the lower Bragg reflection layer;
• and
• an upper Bragg reflection layer disposed on a side of the active layer facing away from the lower Bragg reflection layer;
• wherein a current confinement layer defining a light-emitting region is disposed in the active layer or outside the active layer;
• a light storage layer is disposed at at least one of a position between the lower Bragg reflection layer and the active layer or a position between the upper Bragg reflection layer and the active layer, wherein the light storage layer is configured to store light field energy;
• and an antireflection layer having an antireflection interface is disposed between the light storage layer and the active layer, wherein the antireflection layer is configured to increase a maximal light field intensity of the light storage layer to be higher than a maximal light field intensity of the active layer.