Free-standing electrode film containing recycled materials

A method of manufacturing a free-standing electrode film for an energy storage device, the method comprising:

• preparing a first mixture including at least one electrode active material and at least one fibrillizable binder, the first mixture having total solid contents greater than 95% by weight;
• fibrillizing the at least one fibrillizable binder in the first mixture by subjecting the first mixture to a shear force;
• pressing the first mixture into a first free-standing electrode film;
• shredding at least a portion of the first free-standing electrode film;
• preparing a second mixture including the shredded at least a portion of the first free-standing electrode film;
• subjecting the second mixture to a shear force;
• and
• pressing the second mixture into a second free-standing electrode film.

A free-standing electrode film for an energy storage device, the free-standing electrode film comprising:

• at least one electrode active material;
• and
• at least one fibrillizable binder,
• wherein at least a portion of the at least one electrode active material and at least a portion of the at least one fibrillizable binder are recycled from a shredded electrode film.