Optimized process for the hydrotreating and hydroconversion of feedstocks derived from renewable sources

A process for treating a feedstock obtained from a renewable source chosen from oils and fats of plant or animal origin, or mixtures of such feedstocks, containing triglycerides and/or free fatty acids and/or esters, comprising at least:

• a) a step of hydrotreating said feedstock in the presence of a catalyst in a fixed bed, said catalyst comprising a hydrogenating function and an oxide support, at a temperature of between 200 and 450° C., at a pressure of between 1 MPa and 10 MPa, at an hourly space velocity of between 0.1 h−1 and 10 h−1 and in the presence of a total amount of hydrogen mixed with the feedstock such that the hydrogen/feedstock ratio is between 70 and 1000 Nm3 of hydrogen/m3 of feedstock,
• b) a step of separating at least a portion of the effluent obtained from step a) into at least a light fraction and at least a hydrocarbon liquid effluent,
• c) a step of removing at least a portion of the water from the hydrocarbon liquid effluent obtained from step b),
• d) a step of hydroconversion of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon liquid effluent obtained from step c) in the presence of a bifunctional hydroconversion catalyst in a fixed bed, said catalyst comprising a molybdenum and/or tungsten sulfide phase in combination with at least nickel and/or cobalt, said hydroconversion step being performed at a temperature of between 250° C. and 500° C., at a pressure of between 1 MPa and 10 MPa, at an hourly space velocity of between 0.1 and 10 h−1 and in the presence of a total amount of hydrogen mixed with the feedstock such that the hydrogen/feedstock ratio is between 70 and 1000 Nm3/m3 of feedstock, in the presence of a total amount of sulfur such that the ratio between the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide and of hydrogen at the inlet of said hydroconversion step is less than 5×10−5,
• e) a step of fractionating the effluent obtained from step d) to obtain at least a middle distillate fraction.