Systems and methods for sugar-reduction and/or fiber production for food and other applications

A composition, comprising:

• a particle comprising:
• (a) an enzyme capable of polymerizing a monosaccharide or a disaccharide to produce a polysaccharide;
• and
• (b) an inhibitor associated with the enzyme, wherein the inhibitor inhibits the enzyme from polymerizing the monosaccharide or disaccharide.

A composition, comprising:

• a particle, comprising:
• (a) one or more enzymes, wherein the one or more enzymes comprises an enzyme selected from the group consisting of glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, glycosyltransferase, fructosyltransferase, hexosyltransferase, sucrase, amylosucrase, glucansucrase, levansucrase, inulosucrase, fructose dehydrogenase, glucose-fructose oxidoreductase, beta-galactosidase, amylase, cellulase, and laccase;
• and
• (b) a polyphenol associated with the one or more enzymes.

A composition, comprising:

• digestive juice comprising a particle, the particle comprising:
• (a) an enzyme capable of polymerizing a sugar to produce a polymer;
• and
• (b) an inhibitor capable of inhibiting the enzyme from polymerizing the sugar.

A composition, comprising:

• a particle comprising:
• (a) an enzyme capable of converting a sugar from an original form into a form that is non-digestible or less digestible compared to the original form;
• and
• (b) an inhibitor that inhibits the enzyme from converting the sugar, wherein upon a change in a condition associated with the composition, the enzyme converts the sugar into the non-digestible or less digestible form, and wherein the condition comprises pH, temperature, and/or ionic strength.