# US 2024/0201611 A1 · Toner Including Toner Additive > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2024/0201611 A1 - Document ID: US20240201611A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/082,637 - Filed: 2022-12-16 - Published: 2024-06-20 - Earliest claimed: 2022-12-16 - Assignees: Xerox Corporation - Applicants: Xerox Corporation - Inventors: Michael F. Zona; Elizabeth K. Priebe; John Lawrence Pawlak - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20240201611A1 ## CPC - G03G 9/09708: {Inorganic compounds} - G03G 9/0808: {by dry mixing the toner components in solid or softened state} - G03G 9/0819: {characterised by the dimensions of the particles} - G03G 9/0827: {characterised by their shape, e.g. degree of sphericity} - G03G 9/08755: {Polyesters} - G03G 9/08797: {characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature} - G03G 9/0904: {Carbon black} - G03G 9/09328: {obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds} - G03G 9/09371: {obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds} - G03G 9/09392: {Preparation thereof} - G03G 9/09716: {treated with organic compounds} - G03G 9/09725: {Silicon-oxides; Silicates} - G03G: ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY ## Abstract A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation disposed on a surface of the parent toner particle; wherein the surface additive formulation comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A toner comprising: a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation disposed on a surface of the parent toner particle; wherein the surface additive formulation comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide comprises a poly dimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide having a volume average primary particle diameter of 10 to 25 nanometers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide having a volume average primary particle diameter of about 13 nanometers. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide comprises a polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide having a volume average primary particle diameter of 10 to 25 nanometers. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide surface additive is provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the surface additive formulation further comprises: at least one silicon dioxide. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the surface additive formulation further comprises: at least one silicon dioxide; wherein the at least one silicon dioxide is a small size silicon dioxide having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration; wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration; wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner is free of TiO2. ### Claim 16 A developer comprising: a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation disposed on a surface of the parent toner particle; wherein the surface additive formulation comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide; and a toner carrier. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The developer of claim 15, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide having a volume average primary particle diameter of about 10 to 25 nanometers. ### Claim 18 A toner process comprising: contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles forming parent toner particles; adding a surface additive formulation to the parent toner particles; wherein the surface additive formulation comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The process of claim 18, wherein the silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide comprises a silicone fluid treated aluminum oxide having a volume average primary particle diameter of about 10 to 25 nanometers. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The process of claim 18, further comprising: combining the toner particles with a toner carrier to form a developer.