Photovoltaic module

A photovoltaic module, comprising:

• a solar cell sheet having a surface of the solar cell sheet and a plurality of grid line structures provided on the surface of the solar cell sheet and spaced along a first direction;
• a plurality of connecting portions arranged over the surface of the solar cell sheet and spaced along a second direction distinct from the first direction, wherein each of the plurality of connecting portions is in electrical contact with at least one of the plurality of grid line structures, each of the plurality of connecting portions comprises a first portion on the surface of the solar cell sheet, a body portion on the first portion, and a second portion on the body portion, the first portion is alloyed with the at least one of the plurality of grid line structures, the second portion has an outer profile away from the body portion and an inner profile facing the body portion, the outer profile and the inner profile having conforming shapes, and, for each connecting portion in the plurality of connecting portions, a cross-sectional area of the first portion is less than a cross-sectional area of the second portion in a cross section of each of the plurality of connection portions perpendicular to an extension direction of each of the plurality of connecting portions;
• at least one encapsulation layer disposed over the surface of the solar cell sheet and encapsulating the plurality of grid line structures and the plurality of connecting portions;
• and
• at least one cover plate disposed on a side of the at least one encapsulation layer away from the surface of the solar cell sheet.