Enhancing ammonium oxidation and fluorochemical degradation with ferric iron phase comprising polymeric coatings

A system comprising:

• a reactor, the reactor including one or more containers comprising a medium including and electron donor, an electron acceptor comprising iron particles having a polymeric coating, and a Feammox bacterium and/or one or more enzymes capable of oxidizing the electron donor coupled with reduction of Fe(III) of the iron particles to Fe(II).

A method of environmental remediation comprising:

• providing a medium including an electron donor and a fluorochemical component;
• disposing a Feammox bacterium and/or one or more enzymes exhibiting reductive dehalogenase activity in the medium;
• degrading the fluorochemical component with the Feammox bacterium and/or enzyme(s) in conjunction with oxidation of the electron donor and electron transfer to an electron acceptor comprising iron particles, wherein electron transfer to the iron particles is enhanced by providing the iron particles a polymeric coating.

A method of ammonium oxidation comprising:

• providing a medium including an electron donor comprising ammonium or an ammonium containing compound, an electron acceptor comprising iron particles, and a Feammox bacterium and/or one or more enzymes;
• oxidizing the ammonium or ammonium containing compound with the Feammox bacterium and/or one or more enzymes coupled with reduction of Fe(III) of the iron particles to Fe(II), wherein electron transfer to the Fe(III) is enhanced by providing the iron particles a polymeric coating.