PtNiN FUEL CELL ELECTRODE CATALYSTS AND FUEL CELLS WITH PtNiN ELECTRODE CATALYSTS

A fuel cell comprising:

• an anode, a cathode, a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, and an ionomer in contact with the cathode;
• and
• a cathode catalyst disposed on the cathode, the cathode catalyst comprising nitrogen doped platinum nickel (PtNiN) nanoparticles loaded on mesoporous carbon with at least a portion of the PtNiN nanoparticles disposed within pores of the mesoporous carbon spaced apart from the ionomer, the PtNiN nanoparticles having an average diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 10.0 nm and at least 85% of the pores of the mesoporous carbon having an average diameter less than about 8.0 nm.

A fuel cell comprising:

• an anode, a cathode, and a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising an ionomer disposed between the anode and the cathode;
• and
• a cathode catalyst disposed on the cathode, the cathode catalyst comprising nitrogen doped platinum nickel (PtNiN) nanoparticles loaded on mesoporous carbon with at least a portion of the PtNiN nanoparticles disposed with pores of mesoporous and spaced apart from the ionomer, the PtNiN nanoparticles having an average diameter between about 1.0 nm and about 8.0 nm and at least 90% of the pores of the mesoporous carbon having an average diameter less than about 8.0 nm.