Devices, systems and methods for tissue analysis, location determination and therapy thereof using optical radiation

A method of delivering a substance to a target location of a subject using an insertion apparatus having a base structure with at least one lumen extending along a length thereof, a cladding layer circumferentially surrounding the base structure and an optically-transmissive coating circumferentially surrounding an exterior of the base layer or an exterior of the cladding layer, the method comprising:

• inserting the insertion apparatus into the subject to access the target location by puncturing, with the insertion apparatus, an outer tissue structure overlaying the target location;
• after the outer tissue structure is punctured, transmitting to tissue adjacent the insertion apparatus, a first optical radiation using the optically-transmissive coating or the cladding layer;
• receiving, from the tissue, at a processor, data characterizing a second optical radiation via the other of the optically-transmissive coating or the cladding layer based on the first optical radiation;
• and
• determining, by the processor, based on the second optical radiation, whether a tip of the base structure is at the target location, and, if so, releasing a substance into or near at least one area of the target location.