Omnidirectional structural color microstructures comprising titanium dioxide

A multilayer thin film that reflects an omnidirectional structural color comprising:

• a reflective core layer;
• a protective layer encapsulating the reflective core layer;
• an amorphous-phase TiO2 dielectric layer extending across at least a portion of the protective layer;
• a barrier layer extending across the amorphous-phase TiO2 dielectric layer;
• a metallic absorbing layer extending across the barrier layer;
• and
• a dielectric outer layer extending across the metallic absorbing layer, wherein
• the multilayer thin film reflects a single narrow band of visible light when exposed to broadband electromagnetic radiation, the single narrow band of visible light comprising:
• a color shift of the single narrow band of visible light is less than 30° measured in Lab color space when the multilayer thin film is exposed to broadband electromagnetic radiation and viewed from angles between 0° and 45° relative to a direction normal to an outer surface of the multilayer thin film.