Magneto-optical trap method and apparatus using positive and negative g-factors

A magneto-optical trap apparatus comprising:

• a vacuum vessel for encapsulating an atom to be trapped, the atom having a nuclear spin of not less than 3/2;
• an anti-Helmholtz coil configured to apply a magnetic field to an inside of the vacuum vessel;
• a laser generator configured to generate a laser beam including a first laser beam detuned from a first resonance frequency when the atom transits from a total angular momentum quantum number F in a ground state related to a hyperfine structure to a total angular momentum quantum number F′=F+1 in an excited state related to the hyperfine structure, and a second laser beam detuned from a second resonance frequency when the atom transits from the total angular momentum quantum number F in the ground state related to the hyperfine structure to a total angular momentum quantum number F′=F−1 in the excited state related to the hyperfine structure, among transitions of the atom from a total angular momentum quantum number J=0 in a ground state related to a fine structure to a total angular momentum quantum number J′=1 in an excited state related to the fine structure, by multiplexing the first laser beam and the second laser beam;
• and
• an irradiation device configured to irradiate the laser beam generated by the laser generator toward one point inside the vacuum vessel from a plurality of directions including at least a pair of opposite directions, and to simultaneously make the first laser beam trap the atom in a state that a magnetic quantum number is negative, and the second laser beam trap the atom in a state that the magnetic quantum number is positive,
• wherein the atom is a 173 ytterbium atom, and
• wherein the laser generator is configured to generate, as the first laser beam, a laser beam detuned from the first resonance frequency when the 173 ytterbium atom transits from a total angular momentum quantum number F=5/2 in the ground state related to the hyperfine structure to a total angular momentum quantum number F′=7/2 in the excited state related to the hyperfine structure, and generate, as the second laser beam, a laser beam detuned from the second resonance frequency when the 173 ytterbium atom transits from the total angular momentum quantum number F=5/2 in the ground state related to the hyperfine structure to a total angular momentum quantum number F′=3/2 in the excited state related to the hyperfine structure.