Nicotinamide, nicotinamide precursors and nicotinamide metabolites and compositions thereof for reducing the time to resolution of symptoms in patients with covid-19 and other viral infections

A method for reducing the time to resolution of one or more symptoms related to a disease selected from the group consisting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), middle-east respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis type A, hepatitis type B, hepatitis type C, hepatitis type D, hepatitis type E, enterovirus infection and vaccinia virus infection, the method comprising administering a composition comprising an active substance selected from nicotinamide;

• nicotinic acid;
• nicotinic acid esters;
• tryptophan;
• a tryptophan dipeptide;
• nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD);
• nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP);
• an intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD or NADP selected from the group consisting of N-formylkynurenine, L-kynurenine, 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilate, 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, quinolinate, nicotinic acid mononucleotide (beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide), and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide;
• nicotinamide riboside;
• nicotinamide mononucleotide;
• 1-methylnicotinamide/N-methylnicotinamide;
• or a combination thereof, wherein the composition is formulated to partly or completely release the active substance(s) for topical supplementation or efficacy in the lower small intestine and/or the colon.