# US 2023/0411701 A1 · Electrochemical cell > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2023/0411701 A1 - Document ID: US20230411701A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/035,569 - Filed: 2021-10-12 - Published: 2023-12-21 - Earliest claimed: 2020-11-26 - Assignees: Dyson Technology Limited - Applicants: Dyson Technology Limited - Inventors: Robert Ian Joseph GRUAR; Neil Ross SIM - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20230411701A1 ## CPC - H01M 10/0585: of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators - H01M 4/0404: {by coating on electrode collectors} - H01M 4/0435: {Rolling or calendering} - H01M 4/382: {Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence)} - H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries - H01M 10/056: characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes - H01M 50/207: characterised by their shape - H01M 50/414: Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins - H01M 50/434: Ceramics - H01M 50/449: having a layered structure - H01M 2300/0068: inorganic - H01M 2300/0082: Organic polymers - H01M 2300/0085: Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte - H01M 2300/0094: in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - Y02P 70/50: Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract Described herein is a laminate electrochemical cell including a cathode layer, an anode layer, a polymer electrolyte layer, and a ceramic layer. The polymer electrode layer is arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and coats at least a portion of the anode layer. The ceramic layer is arranged between the polymer electrolyte layer and the cathode layer. The ceramic layer and the polymer electrolyte layer have different compositions. Also described herein are methods of manufacturing the laminate electrochemical cell, battery stacks including a plurality of said laminate electrochemical cells, and electrically-powered devices including the electrochemical cell or battery stack. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 1: A laminate electrochemical cell comprising: a cathode layer; an anode layer; a polymer electrolyte layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, the polymer electrolyte layer coating at least a portion of the anode layer; and a ceramic layer arranged between the polymer electrolyte layer and the cathode layer; wherein the ceramic layer and the polymer electrolyte layer have different compositions. ### Claim at position 2 (depends on 1) 2: The laminate cell according to claim 1, wherein the polymer electrolyte layer comprises solid polymer electrolyte. ### Claim at position 3 (depends on 1) 3: The laminate cell according to claim 1, wherein the polymer electrolyte layer is non-porous. ### Claim at position 4 (depends on 1) 4: The laminate cell according to claim 1, wherein the polymer electrolyte layer comprises gel polymer electrolyte. ### Claim at position 5 (depends on 1) 5: The laminate cell according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic layer comprises lithium phosphorous oxy-nitride (LiPON). ### Claim at position 6 (depends on 1) 6: The laminate cell according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic layer is porous. ### Claim at position 7 (depends on 1) 7: The laminate electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (LiNiCoAlO2), lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), or combinations thereof. ### Claim at position 8 (depends on 1) 8: The laminate electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode comprises silicon, carbon (optionally as graphite, graphene, activated carbon and/or carbon black), indium tin oxide (ITO), molybdenum dioxide (MoO2), lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), lithium alloy, metallic lithium, copper, or combinations thereof. ### Claim at position 9 (depends on 1) 9: The laminate electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode comprises a lithium-intercalated material. ### Claim at position 10 (depends on 1) 10: The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the layers has a thickness greater than or equal to 1 μm. ### Claim at position 11 (depends on 1) 11: The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein each of the layers has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.2 μm. ### Claim at position 12 12: A method of manufacturing a laminate electrochemical cell, the method comprising: providing a cathode layer; providing a ceramic layer; providing an anode layer; depositing a polymer electrolyte on the anode layer and/or the ceramic layer to provide a polymer electrolyte layer; and combining the cathode layer, ceramic layer, anode layer and polymer electrolyte layer to provide the laminate electrochemical cell such that the ceramic layer is arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, and the polymer electrolyte layer is arranged between the ceramic layer and the anode layer. ### Claim at position 13 (depends on 12) 13: The method according to claim 12, wherein the providing the cathode layer and the providing the ceramic layer comprise providing a cathode-ceramic laminate comprising the cathode layer and the ceramic layer. ### Claim at position 14 (depends on 13) 14: The method according to claim 13, wherein the providing the cathode-ceramic laminate comprises providing a cathode layer, and depositing ceramic on the cathode layer, thereby providing the ceramic layer on the cathode layer. ### Claim at position 15 (depends on 12) 15: The method according to claim 12, wherein the providing the cathode layer comprises depositing cathode-layer material on a current collector. ### Claim at position 16 (depends on 12) 16: The method according to claim 12, wherein the providing the anode layer comprises depositing anode-layer material on a current collector. ### Claim at position 17 (depends on 16) 17: The method according to claim 16, wherein the anode-layer material is lithium metal, and the depositing the lithium metal on the current collector provides a lithium metal film. ### Claim at position 18 (depends on 17) 18: The method according to claim 17, comprising laser ablating the lithium metal film. ### Claim at position 19 (depends on 12) 19: The method according to claim 12, wherein the polymer electrolyte is a gel polymer electrolyte and the polymer electrolyte layer is a gel polymer electrolyte layer. ### Claim at position 20 (depends on 19) 20: The method according to claim 19, wherein the depositing the gel polymer electrolyte comprises depositing a polymer film on the anode layer or ceramic layer, and supplying a lithium salt solution to the polymer film, thereby providing the gel polymer electrolyte layer. ### Claim at position 21 (depends on 19) 21: The method according to claim 19, wherein the depositing the gel polymer electrolyte comprises casting a mixture comprising polymer, lithium salt and solvent on the anode layer or the ceramic layer, and crosslinking the mixture, thereby providing the gel polymer electrolyte layer. ### Claim at position 22 (depends on 12) 22: The method according to claim 12, wherein the polymer electrolyte is a solid polymer electrolyte and the polymer electrolyte layer is a solid polymer electrolyte layer. ### Claim at position 23 (depends on 22) 23: The method according to claim 22, wherein the depositing the polymer electrolyte comprises depositing a polymer film on the anode layer or the ceramic layer, and supplying a solution comprising solvent and lithium salt to the polymer film. ### Claim at position 24 (depends on 23) 24: The method according to claim 23, wherein the depositing the polymer electrolyte further comprises vacuum drying the polymer film, solvent and lithium salt to provide the solid polymer electrolyte layer. ### Claim at position 25 (depends on 12) 25: The method according to claim 12, wherein: the polymer electrolyte is disposed on the ceramic layer to provide the polymer electrolyte layer; and the providing the anode and the combining are performed simultaneously, comprising thermally depositing lithium metal on the polymer electrolyte layer to provide a lithium metal film, and optionally laser ablating the lithium metal film. ### Claim at position 26 (depends on 12) 26: The method according to claim 12, wherein: the polymer electrolyte is deposited on the ceramic layer to provide the polymer electrolyte layer; and the combining comprises hot rolling or hot pressing the anode layer with the cathode layer, ceramic layer, and electrolyte layer. ### Claim at position 27 27: A battery stack comprising a plurality of laminate electrochemical cells, each cell comprising: a first current collector; a cathode layer arranged on a surface of the first current collector; a second current collector; an anode layer arranged on a surface of the second current collector; a polymer electrolyte layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer, the polymer electrolyte layer coating at least a portion of the anode layer; and a ceramic layer arranged between the polymer electrolyte layer and the cathode layer; wherein the ceramic layer and the polymer electrolyte layer have different compositions. ### Claim at position 28 (depends on 27) 28: The battery stack according to claim 27, wherein the plurality of electrochemical cells comprises a first electrochemical cell and a second electrochemical cell, configured such that the first current collector of the first cell is also the first current collector of the second cell. ### Claim at position 29 (depends on 27) 29: The battery stack according to claim 27, wherein the cathode of each cell comprises material typically used in solid-state battery cells. ### Claim at position 30 (depends on 27) 30: The battery stack according to claim 27, wherein the anode of each cell comprises silicon, carbon (optionally as graphite, graphene, activated carbon and/or carbon black), indium tin oxide (ITO), molybdenum dioxide (MoO2), lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), lithium alloy, metallic lithium, copper, or combinations thereof. ### Claim at position 31 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 27) 31: An electrically-powered device comprising the electrochemical cell according to any of claims 1 to 11 or the battery stack according to claim 27.