Polymer dyes and uses thereof

A fused dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) fluorescent polymer comprising at least one monomer or co-monomer having a structure of any one of Formula (A1)-(A6):

• wherein
• each in A1-A6 is a site for covalent attachment to the unsaturated backbone of the fluorescent polymer;
• each X is independently selected from the group consisting of CH2, CR1R2, CHR1, CHR2, X′R1R2, NH, NR1, O, S, SO, SO2, SONHR2, PR7, PO(R7)2, POR2, P(O)OH, PONHR2, and SiR1R2;
• each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of X, CH2, CR1R2, CHR1, CHR2, X′R1R2, NH, NR1, O, S, SO, SO2, SONHR2, PR7, PO(R7)2, POR2, P(O)OH, PONHR2, and SiR1R2;
• each X′ is independently selected from the group consisting of a C and Si;
• each W is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond and Y;
• when W is a bond X is directly bonded to both rings;
• and at least one of W, X, X′, or Y comprises a water-solubilizing moiety;
• each J is independently selected from the group consisting of CH, N, NH, S, O, Se, and Si;
• each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a water-solubilizing moiety, alkyl, alkene, alkyne, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, (hetero)aryloxy, (hetero)arylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, a PEG group, carboxylic acid, ammonium alkyl salt, ammonium alkyloxy salt, ammonium oligoether salt, sulfonate alkyl salt, sulfonate alkoxy salt, sulfonate oligoether salt, sulfonamido oligoether, sulfonamide, sulfinamide, phosphonamidate, phosphinamide,
• each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of a water-solubilizing moiety, a linker moiety, hydrogen, alkyl, alkene, alkyne, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, (hetero)aryloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, (hetero)arylamino, sulfonamide-PEG, phosphoramide-PEG, ammonium alkyl salt, ammonium alkyloxy salt, ammonium oligoether salt, sulfonate alkyl salt, sulfonate alkoxy salt, sulfonate oligoether salt, sulfonamido oligoether, sulfonamide, sulfinamide, phosphonamidate, phosphinamide,
• each R3 is independently a water-solubilizing moiety;
• Q is a bond, NR4, CHR4, or —CH2;
• Z is CH2, O, CHR4, or NR4;
• R4 is H, alkyl, PEG, a water-solubilizing moiety, a linked water-solubilizing moiety, a linker moiety, a chromophore, a linked chromophore, a binding partner, a linked binding partner, functional moiety, a linked functional moiety, a PEG group, a linked PEG group, L2-E, carboxylic amine, amine, carbamate, carboxylic acid, carboxylate ester, maleimide, activated ester, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, hydrazine, hydrazide, hydrazone, azide, alkyne, alkene, tetrazine, aldehyde, thiol, or protected groups thereof;
• W1 is a water-solubilizing moiety;
• L1, L2, and L3 are linker moieties;
• each E is an independently selected chromophore, functional moiety, substrate, or binding partner;
• each R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxyl, C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkene, C2-C12 alkyne, C3-C12 cycloalkyl, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C2-C18 (hetero)aryloxy, C2-C18 (hetero)arylamino, C2-C12 carboxylic acid, C2-C12 carboxylate ester, and C1-C12 aralkyloxy;
• at least one of R1, R2, R3, or R4 comprises a water-solubilizing moiety;
• each f is independently an integer from 0 to 50;
• each k is independently 0, 1, or 2;
• each n is independently an integer from 1 to 20;
• s is 1 or 2;
• and
• t is 0, 1, 2, or 3.