Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles

An article comprising:

• a substrate on at least a portion of an exterior-facing surface of the article, the substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, wherein the first surface of the substrate includes a first substrate area, a second substrate area, and a third substrate area, each of which is distinct from the other, wherein the first substrate area has a first substrate area color;
• an optical element comprising two or more optical layers, wherein the optical element is disposed on the first surface of the substrate in the second substrate area and the third substrate area, wherein the optical element includes an optical element main body disposed on the third substrate area and a transition region disposed on the second substrate area, wherein the optical element main body imparts a main body color to the third substrate area and the transition region imparts a transition region color to the second substrate area, and wherein the main body color is a first structural color;
• and
• wherein the main body color and the transition region color differ in at least one of hue, value, and chroma when illuminated under the same lighting conditions at the same observation angle, or
• wherein the main body color and the transition region color differ in at least one of hue, value and chroma when illuminated under the same lighting conditions at different two different observation angles at least 60 degrees apart, or both.