A self-propelled towing simulator for a deep-sea mining system applicable to natural water bodies, the simulator comprising a floating body unit, a workbench, a propulsion system, a wave height determination system, an underwater acoustic positioning system, a flow velocity determination system, a radio communication system, a GPS positioning system, a gyro pose control system, a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) platform, a central control cabinet, an experimental hydraulic lift rigid-tube model and a quickly-removable battery box, wherein the floating body unit is fixedly connected to the workbench through a cross beam structure, the central control cabinet and the quickly-removable battery box are respectively disposed at front and rear ends of an upper work surface of the workbench, the propulsion system is disposed at a tail part of the simulator, the wave height determination system, the underwater acoustic positioning system and the flow velocity determination system are all disposed on a lower work surface of the workbench, a middle part of the workbench is provided with a center-of-gravity projection hole, a working tower secured at the two side parts of the center-of-gravity projection hole is disposed on the workbench, the six-DOF platform is secured in a suspended manner at the upper part of the working tower, the gyro pose control system is secured in a suspended manner at the lower part of the six-DOF platform, a center-of-circle of the center-of-gravity projection hole, a center-of-gravity of the gyro pose control system and a center-of-gravity of the six-DOF platform all overlap with a vertical projection of the overall center-of-gravity of the simulator, six-DOF motion states including swaying, surging, yawing, rolling, pitching and heaving generated by a mining dredger are simulated through the collaborative linkage of the gyro pose control system and the six-DOF platform, the radio communication system and the GPS positioning system are secured on the two sides of the top of the working tower, an ultra-large wide-angle vision system is disposed at the top of the radio communication system, the experimental hydraulic lift rigid-tube model is connected to the center-of-gravity projection hole, or, passed through the center-of-gravity projection hole to be connected to the bottom of the gyro pose control system.