Holographic microscope and using method thereof

A holographic microscope configured to observe a sample to be tested, comprising:

• a light source configured to provide an illumination beam;
• a light splitting element disposed on a transmission path of the illumination beam, wherein the illumination beam is transmitted through the light splitting element to form a first light beam and a second light beam, and the sample to be tested is disposed on a transmission path of the first light beam;
• a polarizing element disposed on the transmission path of the first light beam or a transmission path of the second light beam, and receiving the first light beam or the second light beam from the light splitting element;
• a phase modulation element disposed on the transmission path of the first light beam or the transmission path of the second light beam;
• a light combining element disposed on the transmission path of the first light beam and the transmission path of the second light beam, wherein the first light beam and the second light beam are transmitted to the light combining element to form an interference beam;
• and
• a photosensitive element disposed on a transmission path of the interference beam to receive the interference beam to generate an optical signal.