Joint replacement apparatus

Apparatus for performing a joint replacement procedure, the apparatus comprising:

• a vibrator configured to be coupled to a stem and be excited to generate vibrations in the stem during a joint replacement operation to insert the stem into and/or to extract the stem out from a bone canal, the stem having a longitudinal axis;
• a driver operable to apply force to the stem;
• a torquing system controllable to apply torque to rotate the stem when in the canal to a desired azimuthal angle about the longitudinal axis of the stem during insertion and/or extraction of the stem from the canal:—and
• a controller operable to control the vibrator the torquing system and the driver to respectively generate vibrations in and apply force to the stem that cooperate to insert the stem into or extract the stem out from the canal.