Quaternary heteroatom containing compounds

A compound represented by Formula A, Formula A(ii), Formula A(iv), Formula D or Formula D(i):

• wherein
• a carbon atom carrying the R3 and Y groups is a chiral center;
• z is 0;
• Q is a heteroatom;
• R2 and Y combine to form a ring in which a ring atom directly adjacent the Q atom and on a side of the Q atom opposite the ring atom bearing the R8 and R9 groups is not a chiral center, and R2 and Y do not form an unsubstituted benzene ring or an ortho-substituted benzene ring;
• each of R′, R″, R1 and R4 through R7, R10 and R11 is independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl group, or a functional group;
• R8 and R9 is independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl group, or a functional group;
• or R8 and R9 optionally combine to form a carbonyl group;
• R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl group, or a functional group;
• when R8 and R9 combine to form a carbonyl group, R3 is not a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, an unsubstituted carbonyl group, or an unsubstituted ethyl group;
• each of Ra through Rf is either:
• independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom containing hydrocarbyl group, or a functional group;
• or
• combines with another of Ra through Rf to form a double bond or a carbonyl group;
• each of d, e and f is independently an integer of 0 or greater;
• each of A, B and D is independently a carbon atom or a heteroatom, and an A atom that is directly adjacent an OH group is not a chiral center;
• and
• two or more groups selected from R′, R″, R4 through R11 and Ra through Rf optionally combine to form a ring, except that R6 and R10 do not form an unsubstituted benzene ring, and R4 and R6 do not form an unsubstituted benzene ring.

A compound represented by Formula (V) or Formula (VI):

• or a tautomer and/or salt thereof, wherein:
• X is selected from —NR6— and —O—;
• Z is selected from —C(O)— and —CR7R7—;
• A is independently selected at each occurrence from —CR8R8— and —NR9—;
• W is absent or selected from —O—, —NR10—, and —CR11R11—;
• R1 is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, and halogen;
• R12, R13, R14, R15, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, carboxyl, sulfate, amino, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thioalkyl, ether, thioether, ester, amide, thioester, carbonate, carbamate, urea, sulfonate, sulfone, sulfoxide, sulfonamide, acyl, acyloxy, acylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, hetaralkyl, carbocyclylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;
• R7, R8, and R11 are independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, carboxyl, sulfate, amino, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thioalkyl, ether, thioether, ester, amide, thioester, carbonate, carbamate, urea, sulfonate, sulfone, sulfoxide, sulfonamide, acyl, acyloxy, acylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, hetaralkyl, carbocyclylalkyl, and heterocyclylalkyl;
• wherein R7 and R8 may combine with the carbons to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-8-membered ring, R8 and R11 may combine with the carbons to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-8-membered ring, and when n is 2 or 3, R8 attached to one carbon may combine with R8 attached to another carbon to combine with the carbons to which they are bound to form a 3-8-membered ring;
• R6, R9 and R10 are independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, hydroxyl and optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, carbocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, aralkyloxy, heteroaryloxy, acyl, arylcarbonyl, aralkylcarbonyl, acyloxy, sulfone, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, and amide;
• and
• n is 0-3.